The lack of running water and sewerage is what can poison life in any, even the most beloved dacha. The endless dragging of buckets of water in the end can tire anyone, even if the well is a few meters from the house. However, to solve this problem is simple - you just need to buy a water pump.
All water pumps are divided according to the installation method into two groups: submersible and surface. Submersible pumps will be discussed in a separate article, and today we will talk about what a surface pump is, how it works, what are its disadvantages and advantages.
What is a surface pump
A surface pump is a pump that does not require immersion in water to operate. The pump is placed on the surface, and a water intake hose is lowered into the water. The advantage of such a device is that the surface pump is easy to maintain. Its main disadvantage is that the surface pump is not able to lift water from a great depth. The maximum depth from which a surface pump can pump water is only about 10 meters. This means that it is not suitable for drawing water from a deep well or well. For these tasks, there are submersible pumps. A surface pump is perfect for watering a garden or pumping water out of a basement.
Surface pumps can be divided into two types:
- Vortex surface pumps have a very small suction depth. Most often, such devices are not used for water intake, but for regulating the level of pressure in the water supply.
- Centrifugal surface pumps. Their other name is self-priming surface pumps. Such pumps have a greater water intake depth than vortex pumps, which means they are quite suitable for taking drinking water from a shallow well or water for irrigation from a pond.
Speaking about surface pumps, I would like to say a few words about pumping stations. The pumping station, in addition to the pump, includes a control unit and a pressure accumulator. Some models also include a device that protects the station from overheating. An important component of the pumping station is a hydraulic accumulator. The pumping station works according to the following principle: the pump supplies water to the accumulator, then the pump is turned off and water from the accumulator is used. When the water in the accumulator drops to a fixed level, the pump starts up again.
How does a surface pump work?
A centrifugal surface pump is a device that works due to the wheels located inside it, forcing pressure. The wheels rotate due to the working shaft located in the housing. The shaft, in turn, is supported by bearings. Thus, the water at the inlet to the centrifugal surface pump and at the outlet of it has different speed and pressure.
Vortex surface pumps are similar in design to centrifugal pumps. In the casing of the centrifugal pump there is an axis on which the impeller is mounted. On the wheel are special blades, which transmit energy from the rotating axis to the water.
If you are going to purchase a surface pump, then it will be useful for you to know what characteristics of the unit you should pay attention to so as not to be mistaken with the choice. First, decide for what purpose you want to buy a surface pump. For simple garden watering, you can purchase a surface pump with a small capacity. If you are going to organize an individual water supply system in a country house, then the pump performance should be high. For watering the garden, a capacity of 1 m3 / hour is sufficient.
When buying, pay attention to such a characteristic of the pump as suction depth. On average, the maximum suction depth of a surface pump is 8 meters. For a surface pump, the vertical-horizontal ratio is 1:4. That is, 8 meters vertically is 32 meters horizontally. Knowing this ratio makes it possible to calculate what maximum suction depth is required to use the pump in your area.
Decide also on the maximum pressure of the surface pump. To do this, you need to calculate the distance from the place where the surface pump will be located to the most remote point of your site where water supply will be required.
And one more nuance. If you know that the voltage in the network at your dacha is low, then buy a pump more powerful than required by the parameters listed above. Otherwise, at a time when the mains voltage is low, the pump performance may be lower than what you need.
Surface Pump Manufacturers
Al-co surface pumps are an example of traditional German quality. The products of the Al-co engineering concern have been pleasing consumers around the world for 75 years. Al-co garden surface pumps easily perform all the pump functions required for gardening. They are suitable for watering plants, pumping rainwater and water from swimming pools.
Wilo is the oldest pump company in Europe. Since 1928, Wilo pumps have been used in both industrial and domestic applications. German Wilo pumps are a guarantee of high quality and trouble-free operation. The proof of this is the fact that Wilo products are used for firefighting. Wilo household pumps are perfect for watering the garden and pumping rainwater.
The Danish company Grundfos has been manufacturing pumping equipment for over 30 years. Surface pumps from Grundfos are distinguished by high reliability, quietness and reduced energy consumption. Household surface pumps and surface pumping stations will provide your garden with water for irrigation.
The Italian company Awelco, founded more than 20 years ago, is engaged in the production of high-power household pumps. Awelco equipment is manufactured using state-of-the-art technology under constant control at all stages of production, which is why Awelco pumps are known for their durability. Awelco surface pumps will delight you with both impeccable quality and affordable price.
Gileks is a Russian company that has been producing pumps since 1993. Conducted marketing research and proximity to the Russian consumer allow the company "Dzhileks" to produce exactly the products that are most in demand in Russia. Surface pumps of the company "Dzhileks" are reliable durable equipment, easy to maintain and having an attractive price.
Surface pumps are characterized by small size, easy maintenance, relatively low cost and economical power consumption. Installing a surface pump on your own is much easier than installing a deep one. However, success is guaranteed only if the manufacturer's instructions and the recommendations of experts are strictly followed.
- Whirlpools provide an uninterrupted supply of water with increasing pressure, they are used for watering gardens and quickly pumping out the contents of wells and barrels. Vortex-type devices are sensitive to debris - they should not be used in polluted water bodies.
- Centrifugal pumps are highly efficient and suitable for permanent plumbing. Self-priming models are not afraid of air congestion and the formation of air bubbles in the system.
Electrical appliances for pumping water can also be divided into stationary and portable. Stationary models are installed in water supply systems, while mobile ones are used for watering and draining flooded cellars and basements.
Mobile electric pump for irrigation
Connecting a surface pump to a well or well
Important! Installation of a surface pump is possible only in wells and wells with a depth of no more than 8-9 meters. Deeper shafts require a submersible tool.
The easiest way is to connect mobile equipment to a country well, which is used exclusively for irrigation. It is more difficult to connect a stationary pumping station to an autonomous water supply system. This will be discussed further.
What you need to connect the pump to the water supply
In addition to the electric pump, to connect it to the water supply system at home, you must have:
- inlet and outlet pipes or rigid hoses with a cross section of 32 or 25 mm, the length of the pipe is calculated so that the lower end is immersed in water by at least 30 cm, while the total length should not exceed the size indicated in the passport for the device;
- connecting fittings;
- storage tank with a volume of 30-60 liters;
- flexible hoses for connecting the tank to the pump;
- five-pin adapter for the second output;
- pressure switch;
- manometer.
In order to reduce the number of starts, a self-priming surface pump is recommended to be connected to a storage tank and an automatic activation control system. The storage tank also acts as a hydraulic accumulator that regulates the pressure in the pressure system and protects it from water hammer.
Many manufacturers produce ready-made pumping stations, which include all the necessary equipment. If a separate device was purchased, the missing components will have to be purchased separately.
Choice of mounting location
Surface pumps are always mounted on land - in no case should water enter the device case. Ideally, the electric pump should be mounted as close as possible to the well or well. The room should be dry, relatively warm (with a positive temperature) and well ventilated. It is possible to install a pumping station in the basement, but in this case you will have to put up with constant noise.
To place the device near the well, small buildings are built or the equipment is placed in underground caissons - concrete, plastic or metal insulated structures with ventilation, equipped around the well casing. Caissons are built below the freezing level of the soil. In this case, water pipes to the house are laid in a trench, also dug in non-freezing layers of soil.
Scheme of installation and connection of pumping equipment
Instructions for connecting to autonomous water supply
This step-by-step description of how to properly install a surface pump in an autonomous water supply system is relevant for all types of pumping equipment. Failure to do so may result in damage and accidents.
- Before connecting the surface pump to the water supply system, it is fixed on a fixed base with bolts. To neutralize vibrations, it is recommended to use a rubber mat or special nozzles on the legs as a gasket.
- A hose is connected to the outlet, to the other side of which a check valve and a coarse filter are attached, sealing the connections with a special tape or flax.
- Outgoing pipes leading to the water supply are connected to the second outlet, located in the upper part of the housing.
- The check valve is immersed in water, providing a slight slope in the pipe or hose line from the valve to the pump.
- At the next stage, the system is filled with water through the outlet holes or filler plug. It is important to bleed all the air out of the system!
- Next, connect the pressure part with wiring around the house. At this stage, the filler hole is closed and the pressure in the accumulator (tank) is checked. If the pressure does not correspond to that specified in the instructions, it should be increased (topped up with a pump) or lowered (lowered).
- Having clearly completed all the steps, the electrical equipment is plugged into the outlet and started. The switched on pump must start working and fill the system and the accumulator with water.
- Turning off the engine indicates that the pressure in the system has reached a maximum (from 1.5 to 3 atmospheres).
- Now you can open the tap and make sure that the installation is working.
- If, when the valve is open, the pressure does not correspond to the parameters prescribed in the instructions, it is necessary to adjust the operation of the relay.
Connection to the pipe check valve and filter
Installation features for other water supply systems
Even after reading the recommendations on how to properly install a surface self-priming pump in a well or well, it may be difficult to connect equipment to other sources. These tips will come in handy for those who are going to automate the supply of water from a column or storage barrel.
Connecting the electric pump to the column
It is not too late to think about how to connect a surface pump to a column, even after installing a manual pump. It is recommended not to dismantle the manual control, but to supplement it with automation.
For both devices to work, you need to cut under the column check valve, install a tee with a check valve and connect the electric pump through a rigid pipe. It is better to replace the check valve on the column or install another one on the tee to prevent air from being sucked from the side of the column. A ball valve is inserted between the hand pump and the nozzle.
The principle of operation of the combined column is simple: first, the column is raised above the ball valve with a hand pump, then it is closed and the electric pump is started. It is important that there is always water in the “glass” of the column; if necessary, it must be added.
Installation of the device in a barrel
Irrigation barrels help out in summer cottages and suburban areas, and the use of a pump greatly simplifies the hard work of a gardener. The electric pump not only automatically supplies water, but also creates the necessary pressure. It is easy to find low-cost simplified barrel equipment and advanced automatic garden models that work with micro-drip irrigation systems.
Before connecting the surface pump to the barrel, it is necessary to attach hoses for water intake and irrigation to the device. Rubber hoses are not suitable for this purpose - they will simply shrink from the pressure of the water and will not be able to perform their task. The device is installed on the ground, as close as possible to the tank. Only hoses are lowered into the water - the body of the device must remain out of reach of splashes. After completion, the pump is stored in a dry place.
Compact drum model
Especially for summer residents, they came up with compact barrel models - they are installed on the edge of a container of water. These convenient devices are equipped with filters and pressure regulators. There are almost always hoses in the kit.
It is not difficult to understand the operation of irrigation devices, but you can proceed with the independent installation of a surface pump for water supply at home only after carefully studying the manufacturer's instructions. If it contains a lot of incomprehensible information, it’s not worth the risk, it’s better to entrust this complex process to professionals.
A self-priming pump draws liquid from a well or well, simultaneously leveling the effect of cavitation in the transported stream. Therefore, such equipment operates almost silently and does not provoke hydraulic shocks.
Moreover, the unit itself is not located in the mine, but on the surface - in the caisson, basement or on the first floor of the house, contacting the source with special fittings - a pipe submerged below the dynamic level of the well or well.
In addition, the self-priming pump is renowned for its robust casing, resistance to corrosive environments and stable performance. Well, this version of pressure equipment has only one drawback - the pump can only lift liquid from a depth of 10 meters. And if the dynamic level of the well is below this mark, then the idea of using self-priming units will have to be abandoned, despite the attractiveness of such a practice.
Everything is simple here: the impeller rotates in the body of such a unit, generating two zones with the help of centrifugal force - the suction area located opposite the rotation axis, and the discharge area located at the edge of the impeller.
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Therefore, the suction pipe is located at the end of the pump, opposite the motor shaft that rotates the impeller. And the discharge pipe is led out into the upper part of the body, twisted with a “snail” (from the shaft to the pressure pipe).
At the same time, a special unit can be installed on the discharge pipe of the self-priming pump - an ejector, which increases the degree of vacuum at the end of the suction pipe. And thanks to the ejector, you can get close to the liquid at a depth of 10-15 meters.
But this unit is very noisy. Therefore, units with a built-in ejector are located away from the residential area. But there are no problems with pumps equipped with a remote ejector - they operate almost silently, but with lower performance.
Scope of application of self-priming units
The main purpose of self-priming pumps is to generate pressure in domestic pipelines and transport liquid from the source shaft (well or well) to the surface.
Therefore, such pumps are used as pressure equipment for autonomous water supply systems of a domestic or municipal type. But in industry there is almost no work for a self-priming pump.
In addition, self-priming pumps can be used as pressure equipment and in garden/garden irrigation systems. And in this case, a self-priming pump can extract liquid not only from a well or a well, but also from an open reservoir - a river, a pond, a lake, a pool.
Overview of popular models of surface-type self-priming pumps
The popularity of self-priming pumps is understandable - units with such attractive performance characteristics are very rare. But in the assortment of such devices there are both leaders and outsiders. And buyers are more likely to be interested in the former than the latter. Therefore, in this review, we will bring to your attention only advanced pumping equipment from domestic and foreign brands. So, meet!
Grundfos JP pumps
The Grundfos JP series consists of several units designed for domestic plumbing and irrigation applications. Pumps from this series are available in two versions, when the main parts of the pump - cover, lantern and base plate - are made either from composite materials or from stainless steel (cover and plate) and aluminum (lantern only).
However, in both cases, the pump shows good performance, extracting up to 5000 liters of fluid per hour to the surface, and providing almost 50 meters of head. The maximum suction depth, in this case, is 8 meters.
The cost of units from the Grundfos JP series ranges from 10 to 15 thousand rubles.
The Wilo brand belongs to the German company of the same name, which produces high-quality pumping equipment. Moreover, in the segment of self-priming pumps, Wilo offers both monoblock units for domestic use (typical model PB-201 EA) and foundation installations for industrial or municipal use (typical model CronoNorm-NL).
Of course, the first differ from the second in terms of power, performance and price. But in any case, whether it is an industrial installation or a household pump, Wilo produces very reliable equipment with high maintainability and impressive performance.
For example, the already mentioned model PB-201 EA, sold for 6,000 rubles, can pump out more than 2,000 liters of fluid per hour from a depth of 8 meters, generating a 35-meter head. A cast-iron body and anti-corrosion coating, coupled with protection against overheating and dry running, guarantee this model a very long service life.
Water pump Calpeda
The Italian brand Calpeda produces about ten varieties of centrifugal pumps, both industrial and domestic. However, the domestic consumer is in steady demand for a series of monoblock household-type units - Calpeda MX.
These pumps are packaged in a chrome-plated casing and are equipped with economical asynchronous electric motors that generate a pressure of about 8 atmospheres in the working chamber. And thanks to this, pumps from the Calpeda MX and MG series can get water from an almost record high of 9.5 meters.
Therefore, such pumps can be used in everyday life, in public utilities, and in agriculture, building an irrigation system of any land plot on their basis.
The cost of models from this series ranges from 10 to 20 thousand rubles.
Italian pumps from Pedrollo
The Italian company Pedrollo produces very reliable units, the bodies of which are made of cast iron protected by an anti-corrosion coating, and the impeller and shaft are made of stainless steel.
Therefore, Pedrollo products can work almost around the clock, feeding both autonomous water supply systems and the irrigation network of the site. Indeed, even the “youngest” models of this brand, for example, the Pedrollo CKm 50, extract more than 2 thousand liters of water per hour from a 9-meter depth, generating a 35-meter head. Moreover, Pedrollo pumps work with clean liquid from wells and wells, and with dirty water from ponds and rivers.
The cost of "younger" models of this brand reaches 10 thousand rubles.
Pumps Caliber
In the segment of self-priming pumps, the brand offers relatively cheap products from the NBC series. Moreover, the advantages of this series include not only a low price (the Caliber NBC-0.75 E model costs only 3,500 rubles), but also a wide range of equipment (the same model is equipped with a “proprietary” ejector), as well as impressive characteristics (for 3, 5 thousand you will purchase a pump that pumps from 9 meters to 80 liters of fluid per minute).
And if it were not for the “lame” quality (according to the assurances of users, the rare “Caliber” will last for more than 2-3 years), then this option would be just an ideal model for country irrigation.
The NCS 12-10 model “takes out” water from only five meters, but the pressure of this unit is twice as high (it is equal to 10 meters), and other models can only envy its performance - it is equal to 12,000 liters per hour.
True, the NCS 12-10 is far from the concept of "mobility" - it weighs almost 21 kilograms and consists of two overall units - an asynchronous motor and a snail housing mounted on a separate frame. However, the dimensions and weight are explained not only by performance, but also by construction materials - the pump is assembled from stainless steel and can be used for pumping food and "drinking" water.
The cost of the NCS 12-10 model is 20,000 rubles.
You can’t do without a pump in a country house or in a country house, especially if you have an artificial reservoir or a well. The choice of this equipment depends on many nuances, each model has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. At the same time, you can familiarize yourself with the features of individual types of products in advance, which will greatly simplify the buying process. The self-priming surface pump deserves special attention.
Its name itself speaks about the main distinguishing feature of the product. It is easily operated on the surface of the earth, without requiring immersion in liquid. Water is pumped through hoses connected to the device - intake and supply. The first is the rise of the liquid from the source, and the second is the outflow.
The surface self-priming pump is widely used for pumping water from open sources (ponds, pools), shallow wells (up to 7 m), irrigation of agricultural plantations. It can also act as a separate element of the pumping station and serve to pump water into the storage tank.
Using a surface pump
The material for the manufacture of such devices is cast iron, stainless steel or plastic. The latter is preferable, since plastic models are lightweight, have good moisture resistance and resistance to corrosive processes. At the same time, their cost can be an order of magnitude higher than that of analogues made of cast iron and steel.
Instrument with plastic housing
Advantages and disadvantages of surface pumps
The principle of operation, the material of manufacture, the permissible operating conditions - these and many other points determine the advantages and disadvantages of surface-type self-priming pumps.
The advantages of such devices for pumping water include:
- Ease of maintenance - cleaning, repair. The downhole model is sometimes not so easy to remove from the well to determine the failure.
- Mobility. The compact dimensions and light weight of the products make it easy to change their location on the site. However, the device should not be too far away from the water source.
- Ease of installation. It is only necessary to connect the hoses and securely place the device on the ground.
- Relatively low price. For comparison: submersible models used at great depths have greater power, moisture resistance and strength. Due to this, their price can be 2-3 times higher than the price of surface pumps.
- The possibility of using them as part of pumping stations.
Pumping station based on a surface-type device
With these advantages, surface-type self-priming pumps also have a number of significant disadvantages.
- Small suction depth (up to 7 m). Equipping the product with an ejector will increase this figure.
- A small pressure of water, which is enough to water the garden plot, but not always enough for high-quality water supply at home.
- Sensitivity to contaminants in water.
- Some models are too noisy.
How a self-priming pump works
According to the principle of operation, surface self-priming pumps are usually divided into centrifugal and vortex.
The principle of operation and features of a centrifugal device
The work of centrifugal models is based on the movement of the impeller (impeller) inside its housing and the creation of a centrifugal force that promotes water.
Scheme of operation of a centrifugal pump
Sequentially it looks like this:
- The body of the device is completely filled with water to displace air from it.
- When it is turned on, the movement of the impeller begins, a centrifugal force is created that pushes water to the outlet.
- At the same time, a vacuum is created in the area of the intake hole, provoking the suction of a new volume of liquid.
Filling the working chamber with water before switching on the appliance
Please note: if there is one impeller, then they talk about a single-stage water movement system, if two or more - about a multi-stage one.
Centrifugal models are valued for their high efficiency, the ability to pump large volumes of water (important for home water supply), compact size and simplicity of the device. They are also less sensitive to contamination than their vortex counterparts.
The most significant drawback is the impossibility of operating the device with air. The impeller cannot generate suction force from the air in the chamber. Moreover, if an air lock forms in the "sleeve" of the pump, the process of pumping water may stop.
How does a surface-type vortex pump work?
Peripheral pumps are designed to work with lightly polluted water without abrasive particles that contribute to their rapid wear and breakdown. However, they are vastly superior to centrifugal models in that the suction force can be generated from a mixture of air and water or air alone.
These devices are much more suitable for irrigating land than for supplying water at home. At the same time, they can be successfully combined with centrifugal models, forming a multi-stage water pumping system.
As for the design of such a product, the rotating element is no longer an impeller, but an impeller - an impeller enclosed in a ring. During operation in the pump chamber, air is removed through the outlet pipe, and the water separated from it is forced out to the supply hose due to the movement of the impeller.
In this case, the effect of water recirculation is formed, causing a vacuum in the suction chamber. This ensures the inflow of a new volume of fluid. The ejector works on a similar principle.
Self-priming models with ejector
The ejector is a simple device that allows you to significantly increase the suction depth of the pump. His work is based on the separation of water flows, its recycling. Part of the water that rises from the source returns to the ejector and pours out at high speed through its tapering nozzle.
It enters the mixer, where it creates a vacuum that ensures the flow of liquid from the suction chamber. Then there is a standard movement of water through the device and its outflow through the supply hose.
The ejector can be built-in or external. In the presence of the first, the recirculation process takes place directly in the device, which makes it possible to maintain its compact dimensions. However, during operation of such a product, there is a strong noise that prevents its operation in the house or its immediate vicinity. The best option for placing a pump with a built-in ejector is a separate building.
The built-in ejector allows you to increase the suction depth by only 3-5 meters. An external device increases this figure to 30-50 meters, but the efficiency of the pump decreases. It also requires the installation of an additional pipe for recirculation.
Video: the principle of operation of the ejector
Thus, a surface self-priming pump is quite capable of meeting domestic water needs. If the choice of the device, its connection to the pumping station or the installation of the ejector cause difficulties, you can always contact the specialists. Qualified assistance in this matter is the key to the durability of the pump and your peace of mind.
Many citizens dream of living not in an apartment, but in their country house. But they are stopped from moving by the undeveloped engineering infrastructure in most villages and small towns. At the same time, the lack of water scares the most. Of course, your own well or well allows you to partially solve the problem of water supply, but this does not guarantee comfortable living. An excellent solution for lovers of urban comfort will be the purchase of a surface pump, which will allow you to organize an autonomous water supply for a country house, cottage or cottage. These units are easy to install, easy to operate and maintain, and reasonably priced.
The main distinguishing feature of surface pumps is that they are not immersed in water for operation, but are installed on the surface. To lift water from the bowels of the source, a hose or pipeline lowered into a hydraulic structure is used. Such units can lift water from wells and wells with a depth of no more than 8-9 meters. Therefore, this pumping equipment is not suitable for deep sources, but it will be just right for a shallow well or sand well. In addition, these units perfectly cope with the tasks of watering the garden, pumping water from a flooded basement, and are also suitable for servicing quicksand wells.
Unlike submersible counterparts, surface pumps have a large area of \u200b\u200buse. In addition, their installation and dismantling are so quick and easy, which guarantees them high mobility.
Where to install?
Surface pumping equipment for a well or well can be installed in one of three places:
- In the basement of the house. For these purposes, you can allocate a separate room in any part of the house or extension, but the basement is most suitable. The room must be dry and warm. It must be carefully isolated from the noise that will occur during the operation of the pump and may interfere with households.
- In a separate building. If you have such a structure, then it should be well insulated and protected from moisture.
- In a caisson near the head of the well. The bottom of the caisson should be located 50 cm below the freezing point of the soil. Usually it is deepened by 2 meters. The caisson also needs to be well protected from moisture and insulated.
Advantages and disadvantages
Surface water supply units have the following advantages over submersible pumping equipment:
- Acceptable price, which can pay off in 1-2 seasons of operation of pumping equipment. Most of the products belong to the low and medium price range and cost from 20 to 50 USD.
- One device can be used for various tasks due to its quick installation and dismantling.
- High performance characteristics allow surface units to solve the problems of water supply at home, dehumidification of rooms and tanks, watering the garden and vegetable garden.
- Unlike submersible devices that are constantly in contact with water and subject to corrosion because of this, surface products are more durable.
- Submersible pumps cannot work in shallow sources, and surface equipment can pump water from a shallow well, reservoir or reservoir.
- Such devices are suitable for watering the garden. In this case, you do not need to purchase an expansion tank, since the water supply is carried out directly. It is enough to buy only the hose of the desired length.
These products also have disadvantages. They are as follows:
- This pumping equipment cannot work with a heavily polluted aquatic environment. It can pump water with a small amount of impurities, but for a very dirty liquid, you will need to buy a filter device. However, this does not apply to drainage and faecal surface aggregates.
- These products can lift water from a depth of no more than 8-9 m.
- During operation, the device produces a lot of noise, and since it is not submerged under water, the sound waves are not damped by anything.
- If the unit is used together with an ejector, then the pump performance is noticeably reduced.
Specifications
The choice of surface pumping equipment should be made taking into account its technical characteristics. To do this, you need to know the operating conditions and requirements for the product:
- The performance of household pumping products should be within 3-6 cubic meters per hour.
- Water consumption. To ensure the water supply of a small house during peak hours, a flow rate of 3 m³ / h will be required. For watering the garden, the water consumption will be 1-2 m³ / h.
- The motor power depends on the characteristics of the pump. A household unit with a head of 40-80m, a flow rate of 3-6 m³ / h has an electric motor with a power of 0.7-1.9 kW. On sale there are models designed for a two-phase voltage of 220 V and a three-phase voltage of 380 V.
- Pipeline diameter. Most models of surface pumps are equipped with an outlet pipe with a diameter of 32 mm, which is suitable for a conventional water line.
Varieties
The water surface pump, depending on the design features, can be of three types:
- vortex;
- centrifugal;
- ejector units.
According to the functional purpose, such products can be divided into:
- The water pump is used for arranging water supply at home, giving and watering the garden. It can pump water from a shallow well or well;
- a drainage unit is needed for pumping out sewage and watering;
- the circulation pump allows you to maintain a certain pressure in the water supply system;
- the fecal device is suitable for removal of drains from the sanitary equipment, cleaning of cesspools, septic tanks.
vortex pump
For water supply to a suburban area from a well or well, surface vortex-type pumps are most suitable. The principle of operation of this unit is based on the transfer of energy to water obtained as a result of the rotation of the impeller. Domestic vortex-type pumps are divided into two types:
- equipment with a closed impeller. In this device, the impeller has blades in the form of cells, which are closed by blades at the ends.
- units with an open impeller. The vanes and impeller of this pump have no limits.
The vortex wheel of these surface pumps is made in the form of a flat disk located inside the casing. This disc has a plurality of blades in a straight line configuration. As a rule, the body is equipped with a special annular cavity. The blades of the impeller go into it.
In the middle of the annular cavity, these water supply units have a dividing ledge, which is necessary to distinguish between the pressure and suction chambers. After water enters the first chamber, it is accelerated due to the rotational movements of the impeller. After that, water under pressure enters the outlet chamber.
The productivity of surface vortex water supply pumps is due to the fact that water particles inside the unit fall into different areas between the blades on the impeller. Each of these sections gives the fluid additional acceleration. This allows you to achieve high pressure and water pressure in the area of the outlet. As a result, such a unit guarantees high efficiency of water supply.
- Acceptable price (from 20 to 50 USD).
- Due to its simplicity, the unit is easy to use, maintain and repair.
- It can pump water from a well and still not be afraid of air ingress, which makes it an ideal device for watering.
- The pump can pump liquid in two directions (reversibility).
However, the water vortex unit also has its drawbacks:
- Low efficiency.
- When pumping contaminated water, mechanical parts wear out very quickly.
Important: the optimal content of impurities in water for such pumping equipment should not exceed 40 g / m³.
Centrifugal pumps
The main difference between centrifugal surface water supply devices and vortex counterparts is that they use centrifugal force to increase the water pressure. Such a unit is afraid of air getting inside, therefore it is usually equipped with an ejector. This device allows you to pump air out of the pump before starting and in the process of pumping water.
Thanks to the ejector, the centrifugal water pump can pump water with a high air content. The price of such equipment is higher than the cost of a vortex analogue. That is why such surface units for a well or a well are more often used to equip an autonomous water supply system at home, and not for watering a garden.
Advantages of centrifugal pumping equipment:
- Low body weight and compact dimensions.
- High efficiency.
- The product provides good water pressure and stable pressure in the system.
- Due to the lower susceptibility to wear of the mechanical parts of the centrifugal unit, its service life is longer than that of the vortex counterpart.
- The unit allows you to precisely adjust the pressure and pressure of the pumped water.
Among the shortcomings, it is worth noting the following:
- Pumping equipment without an ejector will have to be filled with water each time before starting to force air out of it.
- If air enters the pipeline or hose while pumping water, the device will stop.
Features of functional varieties
We discussed the features of surface water supply and drainage pumps above, but there are still groups of circulation and fecal units, which we will describe in this section.
Unlike the first groups, the circulation pump is mounted on a pipeline and is used to maintain the correct pressure in the heating and water supply system at home. In the heating system, this unit is mounted in front of the boiler, which allows more efficient heating of the premises.
Sometimes such equipment is used in a treatment system, where, after passing through the filtration unit, the liquid pressure is noticeably reduced. Here, a surface circulation pump is installed after the filter.
Also, circulation pumping equipment is indispensable for the arrangement of heated floors or in automatic pumping stations. Here the pump is used to supply fluid from the hydraulic tank to consumers.
Fecal pumps can be used for pumping effluent from septic tanks, cesspools, pumping sewers and as a drainage device for heavily polluted drains. These devices have high power for pumping thicker and denser effluents. Some models, mounted after the toilet, have chopping knives.
