A cozy warm home is the dream of every property owner. Habitual stoves, devouring coal or firewood in myriad quantities, confidently remain in the past. They are being replaced by modern heating appliances, available to almost all segments of the population. In addition, technical innovations are distinguished not only by compactness, but also by a very high efficiency, combined with ease of operation and the absence of the need to constantly be in the house to maintain heat. Almost all processes can be automated. Therefore, it is not surprising that when designing a new building or reconstructing an existing one, special attention is paid to the heating system. The heart of this type of internal communications is heating boilers for a private house. From the right choice of equipment, competent installation depends on how efficiently the house will be heated. In addition, the issues of system efficiency and minimization of heat losses are very important.
Video review of the heating system of a private house
Types of boilers for heating
A wide selection of heating boilers sometimes confuses buyers - it can be very difficult to understand the abundance of models and manufacturers. However, it is possible to identify the main initial conditions that will ultimately help to make the right decision:
- heated area: the power of the purchased equipment directly depends on this criterion;
- equipment dimensions: sometimes it is quite problematic to mount volumetric devices;
- type of boiler: selected depending on the type of fuel.
The most common boilers for heating a private house:
- gas;
- electrical;
- on liquid fuel;
- on solid fuels (solid fuel).
Each of the heating devices has its own advantages and disadvantages, as well as "indications for use."
IMPORTANT TO KNOW: For heating 10 sq. m area requires 1 kW of equipment power. It is also worth laying an additional 20%: this is necessary to compensate for heat loss.
The best option for heating a large house and arranging a hot water supply system is to install a boiler and a boiler in a special room
gas boilers
Gas boilers for a private house firmly hold the palm. Which, however, is not surprising. "Blue fuel" every year gets to an increasing number of settlements. And the improvement of technologies makes it possible to achieve a high level of efficiency with excellent efficiency, which is important in the context of a constant increase in energy prices.
It is also important that gas-fired boilers are easy to operate and reliable. In addition, you can easily automate the heating process. For example, this is an argument for those who do not constantly live in a private house, but come to the dacha in the cold season. It is enough to set the necessary parameters, and by the time the owners arrive, the house will be warm, which creates additional comfort and eliminates the need to waste time on heating the premises.
An additional feature in demand is the ability to install a boiler with a boiler, which will provide the house with hot water for domestic and household needs. The volume of the water heater ranges from 60 to 300 liters.
A gas boiler for a private house can be of the following types:
IMPORTANT TO KNOW: For a better supply of hot water to the house, it is advisable to install a boiler, calculating its power depending on the number of hot water consumption points (kitchen, bathroom, toilet) and the number of residents of the house.
Connection diagram for a double-circuit gas boiler
A high level of efficiency of gas boilers is provided by the burner. She may be:
- modulation;
- ordinary.
The first one is much more preferable due to its functionality and the possibility of automatic power control. In addition, the temperature of hot water is maintained at the required level. Particularly effective in combination with a two-stage burner power that operates at maximum only 20% of the time. However, it should be borne in mind that these characteristics are applicable only for floor-standing boilers, which are used for houses of considerable size.
Wall-mounted appliances for heating and hot water heating are recommended for small buildings.
A wall-mounted gas boiler can be hidden in one of the kitchen cabinets
Electric boilers
Electricity has long ceased to fulfill the function of supplying current for lighting rooms and the operation of various household appliances. Its functions have expanded significantly due to the constant increase in the range of equipment powered by a socket or switchboard.
No exception and electric boilers for home heating, which have a number of positive characteristics:
- low cost;
- safety;
- high efficiency (up to 98%);
- work automation;
- ease of operation.
Of course, such a solution is optimal if it is not possible to connect to the gas supply system. But at the same time, we must not forget that power outages can lead to the inability to maintain a comfortable temperature in the room.
At the same time, a powerful electric boiler for heating a house, operating for a long time at maximum load, consumes a lot of electricity. Therefore, if, for example, to choose between a gas and electric boiler, you should carefully calculate the economic effect and decide what is preferable: independence from power supply or ease of installation and operation.
IMPORTANT TO KNOW: Installation of an electric boiler does not require exhaust hoods, a ventilation system, which is a prerequisite when choosing a gas boiler. However, it is necessary to ensure the reliability of the wiring, capable of withstanding continuous high loads.
A compact electric boiler will harmoniously fit into the design of the room
Universal boilers for all occasions
Given the various adverse factors that affect the reliability of life support systems - gas supply, electricity - many homeowners want to make sure as much as possible so as not to be left without heat. Of course, such an argument is very relevant in the conditions of severe winters, typical for most regions of Russia. Yes, and in the south, too, there are abnormal frosts. Therefore, it is worth approaching weather and man-made disasters fully armed.
Universal boilers for heating a residential building have a very important function - the ability to work on several types of fuel. There are models that are able to generate heat and hot water from gas, electricity, solid and liquid fuels.
This "omnivorous" is explained by the design feature, which includes:
- solid fuel combustion chamber;
- tubular electric heaters (TENY);
- combined burners for natural gas and liquid fuels.
Like most models of traditional boilers, they are characterized by high efficiency, can operate in automatic mode and are easy to use. A universal boiler for heating houses will help you feel as confident and invulnerable as possible in the face of any natural disasters and accidents in networks.
IMPORTANT TO KNOW: For various types of combined boilers, manufacturers have introduced the appropriate markings: TE - work on solid fuel and electricity; TG - solid fuel and gas; TGE - solid fuel, gas, electricity.
Like gas, universal boilers can be single-circuit and double-circuit, mounted on a wall or installed on the floor. Manufacturers also offer models of various capacities depending on the intended heating area - from 20 to 120 kW.
Some models can be called universal in every sense of the word - they have stoves for cooking. This is an ideal option for giving, where there is no need to cook daily.
Solid fuel pyrolysis boiler of long burning. Solid fuel boilers will always come to the rescue, but have the lowest efficiency
Boiler in a private house: how to minimize risk factors
Almost any household appliance or equipment operating from various energy sources is always a risk factor - fire, accumulation of combustion products, smoke in the room, etc.
To minimize possible negative consequences, the requirements of safety regulations should be strictly followed. Installing a boiler in a private house is not just the installation of equipment designed to provide heat generation. Here it is appropriate to talk about a complex engineering solution, especially when it comes to equipment whose operation is related to combustion processes.
Mandatory conditions for the installation of boilers operating on natural gas, solid or liquid fuels:
- safe distance from the wall;
- absence of flammable materials nearby (for example, interior decoration);
- automatic system that blocks the leakage of gas or liquid fuel;
- operating ventilation, exhaust;
- compliance with the instructions for use.
Electric heating boilers for the home do not require such strict precautions during installation, however, special attention must be paid to the condition of the electrical wiring - it must be fully functional and designed for high power equipment.
Which boiler is better for the home, of course, is up to the homeowner to decide, but it is advisable to turn to experienced professionals. After all, a heating system is not only a boiler, but a whole complex of communications that are quite complex in design and practical implementation. The choice of heating radiators, pipe sections, boiler power, technical requirements - all this is quite difficult to do on your own without making mistakes. Even the most detailed briefing does not contain the subtleties known to those who have been setting up complex heating systems for many years and installing, say, gas boilers for the home.
Installation of the boiler and heating system is best left to professionals
In addition, experts always know where it is best to purchase equipment and components, advise the best type of boiler and indicate the best place for its placement, correctly fitting, for example, into the design of the kitchen. This approach will certainly be appreciated by the hostess of the house. After all, not every house has a special room for a boiler room.
Ultimately, the involvement of professionals will help to avoid unnecessary expenses, unnecessary expenses and regrets, especially since all responsibility for the final result will lie with the performers.
To heat modern private houses, special heating boilers are often used, which distribute heat throughout all the rooms of the house. You can find a wide variety of equipment on the market, the main difference between which will be the fuel it uses: gas, electricity, liquid fuel, pellets and some other alternative types. Let's take a closer look at the features of choosing heating boilers.
What to look for when choosing a boiler
When buying a boiler for heating a house, there are a number of nuances to consider.
At a minimum, consider the following steps:
- if you do not have the ability to connect electricity to such equipment, then you will have to consider only stand-alone options with an atmospheric burner;
- be sure to check the possibility of additional installation of a stabilizer or UPS, especially if power outages often occur in the house;
- decide on your specific requirements for the boiler: you need it only for heating (economical single-circuit models are suitable) or also for heating water (double-circuit boilers with two or one heat exchanger are used);
- find out whether the chosen area option corresponds to the other characteristics of the house (the required power of the equipment directly depends on this, and when calculating it is necessary to “take with a margin” by about 20%);
- evaluate the cost of the boiler, because the more powerful such equipment, the more expensive it will be, although a lot here also depends on the manufacturer (brand);
- choose if not very popular brands, then at least well-known ones, about which you can already find reviews, service centers, or at least buy the necessary spare parts (among the proven brands are Ariston, Vaillant, Ferroli, Buderus);
- find out about the heat exchanger material: the most durable and durable are copper options, but because of their high cost, many buyers prefer steel structures, and cast-iron varieties, although they have good heat dissipation, are impractical due to their high weight;
- decide on the type of boiler: floor-standing (a good option for houses with an area of 250-300 m²) or wall-mounted (suitable for small country houses or cottages);
- pay attention to the type of combustion chamber: open ones suck air out of the room and require the arrangement of a standard chimney, while closed ones can be installed in any room and only need a horizontal chimney with access outside the house;
- pay attention to the performance characteristics of the chosen model, because it is important that it is not only efficient, but also safe and multifunctional (learn about the power control system, the presence of a timer that allows you to set the boiler on time and a thermostat that automatically stops its operation when overheated).
In order not to make a mistake in your choice, before going to the store it is better to get advice from a qualified specialist.
Did you know? The first boilers appeared several centuries BC. (This is evidenced by archaeological excavations in India and even in Ukraine), but at that time they were hardly used for heating houses, moreover, scientists consider them to be a tool for sacrifices.
How to calculate the power of the required boiler
Only a heat engineer who knows about all the nuances of this process can accurately calculate the required boiler power for your home. Nevertheless, you can still get an approximate figure, because if you consider that 1 kW of equipment power is able to heat 10 m² of a well-insulated room, then it is clear that about 10 kW will be needed for a house of 100 m². 
However, this is a very simplified version of the calculations, because additional conditions must always be taken into account: the height of the ceilings in the rooms, the size of the windows, the need to heat the summer kitchen, the glass porch, or simply insufficiently insulated rooms with thin walls.
Of course, in all these cases, the boiler must consume more energy, which means that it must have greater power characteristics.
If, in addition to the premises, the boiler will also heat water, then the value of the calculated characteristics should be automatically doubled. It is also worth considering the presence of underfloor heating in the house, which require additional energy and an increase in boiler power by at least 20%.
Video: how to calculate the power of the boiler
In the presence of gas
Despite the ever-increasing price of gas, gas heating equipment is still considered one of the most common options in domestic homes.
One of the reasons for this popularity is a wide variety of types and models of such structures, allowing you to choose the most optimal solution for any homeowner.
Types of gas boilers
Several areas can serve as the basis for the classification of all gas heating equipment at once:
- location of the boiler - you can choose both floor and wall options;
- type of burner - atmospheric or inflatable, one-, two-stage or modulating;
- water heating method - single or double-circuit boilers.
Types of burners
All gas heating equipment is supplemented by one of two possible types of burners: atmospheric or fan (inflatable). The principle of operation of the first resembles the functioning of a standard gas burner installed inside the boiler.
Unlike it, the fan variant is mounted on the outside and protected by a sound-absorbing coating to reduce operating noise. The efficiency of such a burner is somewhat higher than that of an atmospheric burner, but the price is appropriate.
Speaking about the types of burners, one cannot help but recall the possibility of regulating the power level, according to which they are all divided into:
- single-stage (only one level);
- two-stage (two levels);
- modulation (smooth adjustment is noted).
The last two options are considered the most popular, since they allow you to increase the operating life of the boiler by 70%, while saving gas and money. If you decide to purchase a wall-mounted type of gas boiler, then pay attention to the type of combustion chamber: open or closed.
When installing equipment in an apartment, the first option is not suitable, since the air for the operation of the equipment will be taken directly from the room, and the exhaust gases should ideally be removed through a chimney, which simply does not exist in apartment buildings.
Boilers with a closed combustion chamber in this case are more preferable, as they are equipped with a special smoke exhaust system, with a turbine for the forced removal of combustion products and a coaxial chimney.
Such a device will not burn oxygen in the room, but if we are talking about a large house, then equipment with an open combustion chamber is still preferable. 
Did you know? The first working steam boiler in the history of mankind resembled a standard kettle for heating water. This is not surprising, if we remember that all technical boilers are "descendants" of containers for cooking and boiling water. In the course of further development, other varieties appeared, among which Cornish, Scottish and chest boilers were especially popular.
Single and double circuit
Based on the method of heating water in the system, all gas boilers can be divided into two types: single and double circuit.
The former are used only for heating a residential building, since there are no components of a standard hydraulic system inside (due to this, they are much cheaper), and the latter can also be used to supply hot water to the house, for which such boilers have a water tank heat exchanger.
Video: single-circuit and double-circuit Simply put, a double-circuit boiler is the same single-circuit boiler, but with a flow system or an additional tank for preparing and storing hot water.
As an important addition to the heating boilers, a DHW cylinder called "indirect heating boiler" is used. In such designs, there is no energy source that heats the water, and there is a coil-coil in the tank, where hot water enters from the boiler.
The liquid in the boiler itself is heated by heat transfer from the coil. The main advantage of a double-circuit boiler over its single-circuit relative lies in its wider functionality, although there are many disadvantages in it: limiting the power and volume of the tank.
Condensing gas boilers
This type of heating equipment can be safely called an innovation in the world of such equipment, and one of the most promising. The principle of operation of all such devices is based on the process of condensation of water vapor, which occurs during the combustion of hydrocarbons. 
The fuel for the boiler is liquefied (used on an industrial scale) or natural (usual household) gas. During the combustion of blue fuel, water and carbon dioxide are released into the external environment, and after the evaporation of the liquid, thermal energy appears.
Condensation makes it possible to return the expended energy and, accordingly, increase the efficiency of the entire system.
Despite the fact that in most boilers the appearance of condensate is considered an undesirable phenomenon that people struggle with by all available means, in compensatory models for all vapors a special heat exchanger is provided that consumes the heat released during condensation and transfers it to process water (heat carrier).
Developers are trying to prevent possible corrosion by using more stable materials, mainly stainless steel and silumin (a combination of silicon and aluminum). If necessary, condensing boilers can be used not only for heating houses, but also for heating water.
Video: advantages of condensing boilers The effectiveness of using this particular version of gas equipment has already been proven by many users of European countries, because such equipment is environmentally friendly and versatile in use.
Advantages and disadvantages of gas boilers
Any system has both advantages and certain disadvantages of using it, so before buying a gas boiler for your home, carefully study all the pros and cons of such a solution.
The first group includes:
- ease of installation and further maintenance of the boiler (all pipes and fasteners are as standardized as possible, so there should be no problems with installation);
- high efficiency of a home gas boiler house (when installing a forced water circulation pump, even the most remote rooms can be heated in a short period of time);
- the presence in the system of special sensors that control the supply of fuel and temperature, so that the system becomes completely safe;
- high power of the equipment with small parameters of the boiler itself (it will fit perfectly into any interior);
- low percentage of emissions of harmful substances into the environment;
- long service life of steel models, which often reaches 20 years and cast-iron units that can serve up to half a century.
Important! If your house is not connected to a centralized gas pipeline, then heating with a boiler can be arranged from gas cylinders.
As for the disadvantages of such equipment, only a few points should be attributed to them:
- the need to coordinate all activities with special government services (they are developing the gasification project), which may drag on indefinitely;
- the profitability of organizing gas heating is only with a total area of \u200b\u200bthe house not more than 100 m², and then if the gas tariffs in force in the region are moderately high.
Such a ratio of advantages and disadvantages of gas heating equipment, of course, makes you seriously think about the issue of its acquisition, but in order to make sure that such a choice is appropriate, it is worth considering some alternative options for heating boilers.
Video: the pros and cons of operating gas boilers
Electric heating
Until relatively recently, heating a house with electricity seemed to be a less profitable undertaking than gas heating, but given the increase in tariffs, now everything does not look so clear. Therefore, it makes sense to pay attention to electric heating boilers, of which there are quite a lot on the modern market.
Types of electric boilers
Like gas equipment, all electric boilers are divided into types, taking into account certain characteristics:
- according to the method of heating the coolant, heating elements, induction and electrode boilers are distinguished;
- according to the method of heating the room: single- and double-circuit (either only heating the house or also heating the water);
- according to the method of installation: wall and floor (in many respects, the power of the equipment depends on this).
All of them function on the same principle, transforming electrical energy into thermal energy. The standard value of efficiency in this case reaches 95-99%. Let's take a closer look at each type.
The working principle of electric heating elements resembles the principle of operation of an electric kettle, where water acts as a heat carrier, heated in flow mode by means of tubular heaters (heating elements).
Thus, its natural circulation throughout the system is ensured, and additional advantages include the "appearance" of the boiler, the ease of installation work and the presence of thermostatic and trigger mechanisms.
The standard temperature of the heat carrier is maintained automatically, taking into account the temperature and air data in the room. The disadvantages of this unit include the appearance of scale (this may take years), which significantly worsens heat transfer, but increases power consumption.
Video: how to choose a heating gas or electric boiler for your home In electrode electric boilers, water is heated using an electrode, which, although it does not heat up, sends a charge to the water, due to which its own heating resistance is created in it.
Strong heating of the coolant is due to molecular splitting into ions. The advantages of such a system are absolute safety of use (if water starts to flow out, the equipment will simply turn off), compact size, smooth transition to the required power and low cost.
The disadvantages of the system include the uniformity of the coolant (only water is suitable for use) and the need for periodic replacement of the electrodes, since over time of regular operation they simply dissolve.
Induction boilers operate only due to induction heating of the coolant with ferromagnetic alloys. The coil is enclosed in a special hermetic compartment and cannot come into contact with the coolant flowing along the perimeter. 
In the role of the latter, both water and any frost-resistant liquid can be used. Induction boilers do not have a heating element and an electrode, which has a great effect on their efficiency and eliminates any danger in the event of a breakdown.
Scale formation in such units is minimal, and the possibility of a malfunction is minimized. The main disadvantage of induction technology is only the price, which is usually much higher than that of other electric boilers.
As for such criteria as the method of installation and the method of heating the room, the main characteristics of the equipment are exactly the same as those of gas varieties.
So, a wall-mounted boiler is more suitable for small rooms, a floor-mounted boiler is designed for large houses, and single- and double-circuit models differ only in their direct purpose: only heating or heating + heating the water used. 
Did you know? According to historians, the idea of a warm floor belongs to the ancient Romans, who specially created channels in the floor and walls and passed smoke from the stove burning in the next room through them. In this way, people solved the problem of cluttering up every room with stoves.
How to heat with electricity cheaply
A few years ago, electricity was much more affordable, and the owners of electric boilers were not so afraid of paying for electricity. However, in modern realities, one has to save money by using temporary tariff zones and two- or even three-tariff meters for this.
The essence of such savings lies in the different cost of a kilowatt of energy depending on the time of day, and at night the “discount” reaches 50% of the daily rate.
If you buy a boiler that can be programmed to control the schedule (for example, a three-tariff meter will actively work only at night and “rest” during the day), then heating costs will be almost halved. 
If there is a two-tariff meter, at night the boiler is switched on to the heating mode, and in the morning the switch is moved to minimum power. In both cases, during the cold season, you can save a decent amount of money.
Advantages and disadvantages of electric boilers
Like gas equipment, electric boilers have their own advantages and disadvantages of use, which often become decisive in the matter of choice.
The advantages of buying such equipment, first of all, include:
- comparative availability of equipment (often such boilers are cheaper than gas or solid fuel ones);
- complete environmental safety;
- almost silent operation;
- the ability to work in automatic mode;
- no need for chimney arrangement;
- modest dimensions and ease of installation;
- high efficiency (almost 99% of electricity is transformed into heat);
- no need to issue any special permits.
The only disadvantage of such heating (especially if you have a two-rate meter) is the dependence on uninterrupted power supply, although this problem can be solved by installing additional automation.
Important! Be sure to follow the requirements for the power supply when installing high-power boilers: for example, at a voltage of 380 V, the current should not be less than 25 A.
Solid state boilers
A solid fuel boiler is presented in the form of a steel or cast iron heating device that releases thermal energy during the combustion of solid raw materials.
Domestic models are mostly equipped with a manual fuel supply system, while in industrial versions it is performed automatically. Most often, such boilers are installed in places without a gas pipeline or as a backup option in order to save money.
The fuel for a solid state heater is peat, wood, coke, coal or pellets (specially created granules). It is also possible to burn agricultural waste, which at the same time solves the problem of their disposal. 
Modern solid fuel boilers are usually equipped with electronic control systems, although manual control is relevant for budget options, due to which they are considered more reliable and economical.
Do not forget about the need for regular cleaning of equipment from soot, since scale significantly reduces the heat transfer of the boiler from its walls to water, which ultimately can lead to equipment failure or at least reduce the temperature of the steam inside it.
The solid-state boilers produced today are characterized by a fairly high level of efficiency and safety, and the heat fluctuation when using such equipment does not exceed +5 ° C.
One of the most popular types of solid fuel boilers today are “long-burning” models, which differ from standard options in the possibility of longer-term operation on a single fuel load. 
They perfectly burn brown and hard coal, can work on standard wood, coke, peat briquettes and even petroleum products, but for domestic purposes they usually use models that work on wood and wood waste.
Their main difference from universal solid-state boilers lies in the different structure of the combustion chamber (fuel is burned according to the “top-down” principle) and the air supply system to the combustion site, which ensures more efficient heating of the coolant.
With the right choice of model, with the appropriate dimensions, it can be used to heat not only private houses, but also the premises of small enterprises.
Advantages and disadvantages
Analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of using solid fuel boilers, the advantages of its operation are simply impossible not to notice.
Video: long burning boilers First of all, they include:
- savings (the types of fuel used are much more affordable than gas or electricity);
- environmental friendliness (as a result of the combustion process, soot is formed, which does not have any harmful effects either on the person himself or on the environment);
- the ability to choose the most suitable fuel option (wood, coal, etc.);
- simplicity of design and ease of operation (there are no complex structural elements in solid fuel boilers);
- autonomy of heating (with the purchase of a solid-state boiler, the owner of the house will no longer depend on the supply of gas or electricity);
- low cost of the equipment itself, in comparison with gas and electric boilers;
- the presence of a large number of different models, which provides a choice.
It is also worth mentioning separately about long-burning solid fuel boilers, which, due to their functionality, provide additional savings. 
As for the disadvantages of such heating equipment, the main ones include:
- availability of space for storing fuel (at least a separate room or a small shed);
- manual loading of fuel, due to which you need to spend more time servicing the device;
- reduced comfort of use, as you often have to deal with soot, soot;
- the need to install various auxiliary equipment: for example, a heat accumulator or a forced draft system (if there are problems with the removal of combustion waste);
- a relatively low level of efficiency, especially for most solid fuel boilers for long burning.
Video: how to choose a solid fuel boiler for home heating
Did you know? Solid fuel boilers with a longer burning period have appeared relatively recently. Their mass production began only in the 2000s, after an engineer from Latvia, Edmundas Strupaitis, received a patent for his solid fuel top combustion scheme.
Oil boilers
The use of liquid fuel is considered one of the most optimal options for heating country houses, since it allows you to organize a highly efficient heating system at an affordable cost.
The design of liquid fuel boilers is very similar to the structure of gas and solid fuel units, and the main difference is the use of kerosene, fuel oil or diesel fuel as fuel.
True, do not forget that when working on fuel oil, you will need a special burner, which in some models can be purchased separately. Also, some manufacturers produce combined boilers, which, in addition to liquid fuel, can also use gas. 
The principle of operation of heating boilers for liquid fuel is as follows:
- Entering the inflatable burner, the fuel mixes with air and, under the influence of the fan, begins to be sprayed into the combustion chamber.
- The walls of the chamber quickly heat up and transfer heat to the coolant in the heat exchanger.
- All gases formed as a result of operation are discharged outside through the chimney, but before that they pass through a series of heat exchange plates, additionally supplying heat to the heat exchanger (due to this, the efficiency of the boiler increases).
The use of liquid fuel in operation leads to the formation of a large amount of soot on the walls of the boiler, which is why it has to be cleaned regularly. In addition, an inflatable burner also requires constant monitoring, which is also a disadvantage of using just such a heating system.
As for the advantages of using liquid fuel boilers, it is worth noting high efficiency (more than 90%), low noise, efficiency, availability of equipment, energy independence.
Video: diesel heating of a private house
Pellet boilers
Like the previous version, pellet boilers are very similar to solid fuel boilers, with the only difference being that in this case special pellets of compressed wood, agricultural waste, and biomass from energy plantations are used as fuel.
Combustion of raw materials can occur both with the help of standard burners (flare or retort) and on the grate. In the first case, the working principle and the appearance of the equipment are very reminiscent of gas cola, however, with the possibility of changing the type of fuel (wood, diesel fuel, liquefied gas).
In a flare burner, the fire tube acts as a fuel combustion chamber, where the pellets are completely burned on built-in grates, with forced supply of the required volume of air. All residues of the combustion process are blown into the furnace. 
In addition to the fan, some systems also provide an additional device for supplying pellets to the combustion zone, and certain groups of sensors are involved in the control circuit (for example, a draft protection sensor, a thermostat that protects the fuel supply from backfire, a photoresistor, etc. .).
The retort burner is presented in the form of a bowl with air channels made in it. It is in this bowl that pellets are poured, or pushed into it by an auger. The fuel is burned inside the boiler (volumetric combustion), due to which the efficiency is slightly higher than when using flare burners.
The ignition of pellet boilers is carried out both in manual mode and automatically, but in the second case, the presence of electric heaters will be a prerequisite.
If the boiler is turned on, but heat is not yet needed, the burner with a manual ignition system is switched to standby mode, that is, maintaining a minimum combustion force. Full automation eliminates this need. 
Burning pellets on a grate is based on the following steps:
- The screw conveyor feeds the fuel into a special chute, from where it is poured under its own weight onto the grate (made both in the form of a traditional grate and in the form of a retort).
- Air enters under the grate, blowing through the layer of burning fuel and cooling the surface of the grate itself.
- All the ash that appears during the operation of the boiler is poured out through the holes in the grate or removed from the system by sliding mechanisms.
Important!If it is necessary to manually clean the boiler from ash, the frequency of this procedure directly depends on the quality of the fuel used: wood pellets - 5-7 days, agropellets - 2-3 days, coal - daily.
Video: pellet heating boilers
Universal heating boilers for a private house
This type of equipment for supplying heat to a private house has become simply a brilliant invention of our time, since it makes it possible to heat using a variety of fuels.
Wood, gas, diesel fuel, coal, electricity or a variety of pellets - all this can be an excellent heat source. If you want to save additional money, then all you need is just to stock up on other fuel and reconfigure the boiler itself a little.
There are several popular types of such equipment:
- "gas-diesel"- the most affordable and easy-to-use solution;
- "gas - solid fuel"- the best option for the area where the construction of a gas pipeline is planned in the near future;
- "electricity - solid fuel"- best suited for heating cottages;
- "gas - diesel fuel - electricity"- makes it possible to use almost any type of combustible materials.
Each of the options has its own principles of operation and design features, but in any case, there should be no problems using such boilers, on the contrary, their versatility is a significant advantage.
Where is the best place to place heating equipment
Considering that almost all types of heating boilers provide for an outdoor location (the only exceptions are small-sized electric models and some gas devices), it is advisable to allocate a separate room for their placement, because such heating equipment is not only powerful, but also quite large.
In addition, this is quite a reasonable solution, given the heavy weight of such structures, due to the installation of cast-iron heat exchangers in the body (a more reliable option). 
Wall-mounted equipment is much more compact and much lighter, but the power in it is limited. Such boilers can only be bought if the heated area of the house does not exceed 200 m², and the hot water consumption is at the level of 14 l / min.
Usually they are placed in the kitchen or in the back room, but it is better that it be a separate room, albeit a small one. Even with the highest quality equipment, one should not exclude the possible risks associated with its use, so it is better to place the boiler away from people.
As you can see, the modern market offers us quite a lot of options for a wide variety of heating equipment, but if possible, it is better to entrust the selection of the appropriate model to a professional technician.
Video: comparison of home heating systems He will not only be able to calculate the required boiler power, but will also give valuable advice regarding installation, which is also an important detail when organizing heating in a private house.
Despite the large number of options for heating private houses, many people prefer a proven option - gas or solid fuel boilers. Such a unit is reliable and durable, does not require complex maintenance. In addition, the variety of models makes it possible to accurately select the device for a particular room. Power is the main characteristic of heating devices. It is on how correctly the device is chosen that the comfort of the home microclimate, efficiency, safety of the boiler, and its working life depend. In this article, we will consider how to choose a boiler for heating a private house in terms of power, what factors must also be taken into account.
Why is accurate power calculation necessary?
The choice of a boiler is based on accurate calculations, allowing you to have an idea of the real heat loss of a private house:
- The purchase of a device with an excess resource leads to unjustified fuel consumption.
- A low-power unit will not be able to heat the living space with high quality. In addition, working at the limit of its capabilities, it will quickly fail.
Important! How to choose a boiler according to the area of \u200b\u200bthe house in the easiest way? The simplest boiler calculation is 1 kW of power per 10 “squares” of housing, plus a margin of 15-20%. For example, to heat a house of 100 m², you need a 12,000 W boiler. This calculation is very enlarged and approximate. It can only be used for buildings with good thermal insulation, with low ceilings and for regions with a mild climate. Naturally, not all private houses meet these requirements.
Initial data for calculation
For a house made according to a standard project, with ceilings 3.0 m high, it is not difficult to calculate the required power of the heating device. Consider how a gas boiler is selected for a private house by area. The calculation is based on 2 parameters:
- The total area of the house.
- Boiler specific power (UMK). This indicator varies for different climatic zones.
The value of the UMC is:
- For the southern regions - 0.7-0.9 kW.
- For the middle band - 1.0-1.2 kW.
- For the northern regions - 1.5-2.0 kW.
The formula for the calculation will look like this: M \u003d S x UMK / 10, where
- M - boiler power, kW.
- S is the area of the house,
- UMK - specific power of the boiler.
Important! Eg:
- The value of the desired indicator for a house with an area of 100 m², located in the southern region, is: M \u003d 100 x 0.9 / 10 \u003d 9 kW.
- For the same building in the northern regions, the same indicator for a heating boiler will be: M \u003d 100 x 2/10 \u003d 20 kW.
As you can see, the difference is more than doubled. If you want to install a two-circuit unit, increase the figure obtained during the calculation by 20%.
Accounting for heat loss
Even the above calculation is not accurate. For the correct choice of a heating device, it is necessary to have information about real heat losses. One house is well insulated, and the other has old frames of dried wood and walls one brick thick. Heat losses in these buildings, of course, will be different.
Important! According to experts:
- The largest heat leakage (about 35%) falls on insufficiently insulated walls.
- Approximately a quarter of heat loss occurs on an uninsulated or poorly insulated roof.
- Insufficiently thought-out floor insulation is the cause of about 15% of heat leakage.
- Only 10-15% of heat leakage comes from ventilation and open windows.
As you can see, the simplest formula for an accurate calculation is clearly not enough. In each case, the calculation of power will be individual.
Accounting for the dissipation factor
This coefficient is one of the most important indicators of heat exchange between the room and the external environment. When calculating, the following values of this coefficient are taken as a basis:
- 3.0-4.0 - for buildings in which there is no thermal insulation. Most often these are temporary buildings made of wood and metal.
- 2.9-2.0 - for buildings with minimal thermal insulation. This refers to thin-walled houses with uninsulated walls, the simplest roof structure and wooden frames.
- 1.9-1.0. This value of the dispersion coefficient corresponds to the average level of insulation (brick house with insulated or double walls, with an insulated roof and an attic, with double-glazed windows).
- 0.6-0.9. This coefficient is applied to houses built using modern technologies and materials. They are characterized by a well-thought-out ventilation system, insulated floors and roofs, and well-insulated windows.
Important! The most accurate formula for calculating possible heat losses: Qt \u003d V * Pt * k / 860, where
- Qt - possible heat losses;
- V is the volume of the room.
- Ht is the difference between the desired indoor temperature and the minimum outside air temperature characteristic of these latitudes;
- k is the scattering coefficient.
We calculate the heat loss for a house of 100 "squares" with ceilings 3 m high, an average level of thermal insulation:
- The desired room temperature is +20 degrees.
- The minimum air temperature for this region is the same 20 degrees, but with a minus sign.
- Qt \u003d 300 x 40 x 1.9 / 860 \u003d 26.5 kW.
- Taking into account the margin, we multiply the resulting figure by 20%: 26.5 x 1.2 \u003d 31.8 kW.
- Rounding the resulting figure to the nearest whole number, we get a power of 32 kW.
This calculation allows you to choose a boiler unit with a sufficiently high accuracy, taking into account the climate in the region and the characteristics of the structure.
Special calculation programs
You can use various programs and online calculators to calculate. The advantage of such programs is that a large number of different factors are taken into account:
- Desired room temperature.
- Average temperature during the cold season.
- The need for hot water.
- Number of floors.
- The presence or absence of a forced ventilation system.
- Ceiling height.
- Wall thickness, floor characteristics.
- The number of windows, their dimensions and characteristics (number of chambers, glass thickness).
By filling in the form fields, you get the exact value of the initial power, and then select the device according to its characteristics.
Among all types of boilers, gas units are perhaps the most popular and reliable. And this is not surprising, because our country has vast gas reserves, and this type of fuel is widely distributed even in remote settlements. However, even these seemingly well-known devices have a large number of differences, functions, installation methods and operating modes. As part of this review, we will try to disassemble gas boilers for heating a private house. How to choose the best option and prioritize for ordinary users? Let's find out.
Variety of boiler equipment
Read in the article:
Gas boilers for heating and hot water supply of a private house: how models are classified
The modern heating market has an incredibly huge range of gas equipment. For a general understanding, let's consider the classification of gas boilers according to various criteria.
Classification of gas boilers according to the main criteria If we talk about a simple design, then household gas boilers are classified according to the following parameters:
| Classification Options | Construction type |
|---|---|
| Mounting method | Floor and wall hanging equipment |
| Burner type | Atmospheric, ventilation and modulated |
| According to the way of traction | natural and forced |
| Production material | Steel, copper, cast iron |
| Dependence on the electrical network | Dependent with independent start, dependent without start, independent |
| coolant | antifreeze and water |
Note! In order to choose a good gas boiler for a private house, it is necessary to determine for what purposes it will be used and what area to heat.
Advantageous features of high-quality gas boilers:
- The equipment provides a built-in automatic mode, which allows you to monitor the gas pressure.
- In the event of a malfunction, the sensor sends a signal about this to the electric ignition system, after which the device continues to function normally.
- The efficiency is very high, and the price of fuel is low. At the same time, the heater gives off a lot of energy, but at the same time consumes much less.
- With the help of a gas boiler, you can heat quite large rooms or entire objects.
How to choose gas boilers for heating a private house according to functional features
From the correct choice of equipment, first of all, the durability of the boiler and the efficiency of its work will depend.
There are several main criteria for choosing when buying:
- Material.
- Gas consumption.
- Availability of automatic mode.
- Price policy.
Before buying equipment, it is imperative to calculate the required power for heating your particular home (below is a handy illustrated calculator). Here is an example of a simplified calculation for a small house:
- If the room has 100 m², you will need a boiler at the rate of 1 kW / 10m².
- The power indicator of the gas boiler should be 10 kW.
This is a very simplified example that does not take into account the individual characteristics of each building. But in general, the order of numbers is like this.
Related article:
Note! In certain places, you will need to cut some pipes with a grinder. New equipment requires new components.
After all, the equipment is dismantled. If wall-mounted equipment is being dismantled, then you need to take care of stable support so that it does not fall. The work is best done by two people.
How to install a new boiler
Connecting gas equipment
The scheme for installing a gas boiler in a private house includes a connection to:
- water pipe;
- gas pipeline;
- heating system;
- heating and plumbing return.
Note! Installation can be done independently only if there is experience in performing this work.
Connecting a double-circuit gas boiler The connection diagram of a double-circuit gas boiler must include all the necessary piping. When you find a place, you need to carefully consider how to remove combustion products. The boiler is supplied with special mounting brackets. Only after the boiler is securely fixed, you can proceed to the connection of gas and water supply.
The kit includes:
| Component | Description |
|---|---|
 Filters for rough water treatment | These are special cleaning devices that are designed to clean debris from pipes so that it does not get inside the boiler. |
 Magnetic direction filter | Removes scale and rust. |
 Gas filter | Installation is required. Extends the operating period and prevents dust from entering the boiler. |
 Ball valves | Disconnect the boiler from the main for repair work. |
 Expansion tank for heating system | First of all, this is a guarantee of durability. |
During installation, it is imperative to comply with fire safety requirements:
- There should be a distance of about 0.5 m between the appliance and the wall.
- The gas boiler must not be installed next to a window opening.
Note! If electricity is needed to operate a gas boiler, then it is better to place the equipment closer to the source.
How to choose a voltage stabilizer for gas boilers for a private house
Specifications:
- Power 23.2 kW.
- Fuel consumption 2.3 m3 per hour.
- Atmospheric burner made of steel.
- Weight 52 kg.
- The price of a heating boiler for a private house is 23 thousand rubles.
Unit "AOGV-11.6-3 ECONOMY" and its characteristics
This type of equipment is volatile and is intended for heating for numerous small buildings.
The reservoir has a number of features:
- Power up to 25 kW.
- Fuel used: natural gas.
- The plug with a diameter of 4 cm for connection is mounted in the rear part.
- The chimney channel is located at the top.
- Models meet, with one and two interruptions.
- The cost of equipment is 15 thousand rubles.
- Steel heat exchanger.
A small boiler with a power of 11 kW will give about 4-5 liters of liquid.
Features of the gas boiler "BUDERUS LOGANO G234 WS-38"
Model characteristics:
- Power 38-60 kW.
- Cast iron heater.
- Atmospheric burner.
- Automatic device.
- Connection of the "warm floor" system.
- Possible heater connection.
The equipment is made for heating various types of premises up to 380 sq.m. Thanks to the cast-iron heat exchanger, the service life is up to 15 years.
The equipment can be operated even at very low temperatures. To operate the boiler, you will need a connection to a 220 V network. The boiler provides for an open combustion chamber.
"BAXI SLIM 2300 Fi" - a great sample at an affordable price
The power range in this model range is from 16 to 63 kW. Modern design and small dimensions make it easy to install equipment in any interior.
Description and operation:
- The Baxi Slim 2300Fi gas boiler with a built-in boiler and in heating mode provides for electronic modulation of fire.
- Electric ignition turns on very smoothly.
- There is a mode of reconfiguring the system for burnt gas.
- Steel sample of the burner.
Hydraulic system characteristic:
- The heat exchanger is made of cast iron.
- Built-in high speed circulation pump.
- There is a pump for heating water.
- Pressure gauge.
- It is possible to connect an external storage heater.
How is the temperature controlled?
- There are two ranges for temperature control.
- Automatic mode, sensor connection system for outdoor temperature control.
- Built-in automation with maintaining the temperature regime in the heating circuit.
There is a temperature display.
Fourth generation equipment "VAILLANT ecoVIT VKK INT 366"
Due to its high performance and power, the equipment has become a leader among the gas industry in Germany. The model gained popularity due to the built-in diagnostic system. Therefore, the equipment works more efficiently, while saving the electrical system.
Advantage Features:
- The efficiency is 98-109%.
- Power modulation from 35 to 100%.
- Additional heat is used due to the fact that vapor condensation occurs.
- There is a forced outlet to the pipe.
- There is a steel heat exchanger.
- There is low temperature protection.
- Electric ignition.
Along with the above indicators, 2 modes of fuel operation can be noted. Water is heated in layers, there is an electronic ignition system, there is control over gas pressure.
Rating of wall-mounted gas boilers: the best models
If we talk about the choice of boiler equipment, then the brand plays an important role for many users.
Below we consider the functional features of popular wall appliances.
Excellent sample "WOLF CGG-1K-24" and its characteristics
Functional features of the equipment:
- The gas boiler works even with a significant mains voltage from 40 to 400 watts.
- High efficiency of 90%.
- Functioning occurs even with unstable gas pressure.
- Water is heated even at a pressure of 0.4 bar.
- Mounted gas boilers Wolf CGG-1K-24 simulate power up to 23 kW, this allows you to select the desired mode of operation and save gas.
- A copper heater and a burner will allow you to create the necessary efficiency mode.
- Automatic temperature control.
Specifications:
- Fuel: natural gas.
- Power 25 kW.
- Tank volume: 6 liters.
- Temperature range: 30-90 degrees.
- The temperature regime of a double-circuit turbocharged boiler is 30-60 degrees.
- Weight: 29 kg.
- Price: 55000-65000 rubles.
"BAXI LUNA 3 COMFORT 240 Fi" is one of the best boilers
- Suspended sample with 2 interruptions is made for buildings with an average quadrature.
- There is a built-in panel, which is a temperature sensor.
- Also the model is equipped with the high-speed circulating pump.
- The tank has a volume of 8 liters.
The operation of the system for heating a private house:
- In the heating system mode of the gas boiler, electronic flame control operates.
- The burner is made of stainless steel.
- There is a fuel switching mode.
Control and security system:
- There is a special reliable protective device against low temperature conditions.
- There is a safety valve.
- A draft sensor is provided for equipment with a closed chamber.
- The safety lock system is activated.
- There is control over the flame.
- There is a built-in system that remembers the last mistakes.
The price of a double-circuit gas boiler for a private house is 51,000 rubles.
Boiler "NAVIEN DELUXE 24K": comfort and reliability
Samples of the Korean company are in demand because of their low cost and excellent quality.
Characteristics:
- This type of gas boiler has two heaters.
- Another important point is that the manufacturer produces all the details of the boiler independently.
- There is a special built-in chip that reliably protects the equipment from sudden power surges. This protection is present in the German manufacturers of Vailant, but the sample already belongs to a completely different price category.
- And the most distinctive feature of the Navien Deluxe 24KCoaxial gas boiler is the control unit with a digital display. The display warns all faults and errors, the control mode is manual.
- Another important point is a special built-in sensor for the temperature in the room.
Absolutely all components are included with the boiler. The price of the equipment is 25 thousand rubles.
Gas boiler "PROTHERM GEPARD 23 MOV" and its features
Equipment with two interruptions are created with a power of up to 25 kW.
Installation can be made absolutely in any room and has the following characteristic features:
- The burner flame is modulated automatically.
- There is a built-in circulation pump.
- The tank has 5 liters.
- The heat exchanger is made of steel.
- The switching mode is automatic as soon as the hot water tap is opened.
- There is a built-in operating display indicating errors, temperature and pressure.
The price of equipment is 35,000 rubles.
One of the best models "BOSCH GAZ 4000 W ZWA 24-2 A"
Functional features:
- There are two heat exchangers for hot water preparation.
- Steel burner.
- 8 liter tank volume.
- Circulating pump consisting of three layers.
- There is a modulating gas valve.
- The boiler works in dual mode with fuel.
- There is a built-in power control modulation system.
- The temperature is indexed.
- Low noise level.
- There is a built-in make-up tap.
"VAILLANT ecoTEC PLUS VUW INT IV 246" performance data
This type of equipment provides economical fuel consumption and the highest level of environmental performance.
Before choosing a gas boiler for heating a private house, consider its functional features:
- There is a specially developed electronic system (gas-air).
- Stainless steel heater.
- Excellent pressure regime, both in the circuit and in the boiler.
Excellent multifunctional display with built-in backlight.
Conclusion
Summing up, we can conclude that the best boiler is the one that works without breakdowns, so you can follow some tips:
- When choosing equipment, make sure that it does not exceed the rated capacity.
- The best material for a burner is steel.
- A secure system should have a minimum set.
- All pipeline boilers are best selected from steel raw materials.
- The problem with heating involves the use of a double-circuit boiler.
