The Neva River is one of the most beautiful rivers in Russia. It is familiar to most people thanks to the beautiful St. Petersburg, located on its banks. As is known from the school geography course, the Neva is one river, originating in Lake Ladoga, here is its source. In the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea, the Neva Bay is located, where the Neva flows, there is its mouth.
Neva
The river flows through the territory of the Leningrad region and the city of St. Petersburg. Its length is 74 km, the length in a straight line from the source of the Neva to its mouth is 45 km. The depth averages from 8 to 11 m, the deepest mark is 24 m. The Neva carries its waters along a plain called the Neva Lowland. The banks descend steeply to the water, their height is 4-5 m, at the mouth of the river they are more gentle - 3-4 m. The place where the Neva flows is the Gulf of Finland, it starts, as already mentioned, in Lake Ladoga.
The width of the river is on average 600 m, the widest point reaches one kilometer. Compared to other low-lying water bodies, it is quite fast-flowing. The current speed is more than 1 m per second. The Neva River bends quite sharply in three places.
- At the Ivanovsky rapids. Approximately three-kilometer section of the river with shallow depth, frequent shallows and a high flow rate of up to 4 m per second. It is located near the city of Otradnoe.
- Near Ust-Slavyanka - the historical district of St. Petersburg.
- At the Smolny Institute. This historic building is a monument of the era of early classicism, designed by the architect D. Quarenghi. Currently the residence of the governor.
The Neva, with a length of 75 km, is one of the largest, deepest and deepest rivers in Europe. Due to the uniform flow of water from Lake Ladoga (source), there are practically no spring floods on the river.
Neva Delta - St. Petersburg
The city of St. Petersburg was founded and built in a low-lying and swampy place. To drain the swamps, it was necessary to dig one hundred and one canals and a large number of ponds. The soil excavated during the digging of the canals was used to raise the level of the islands. Over time, many of them lost their significance, they were covered with earth. Now the number of islands has been reduced to 59.
The Neva Bay, where the Neva flows into, is located in the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea. At its confluence, the river forms a branched delta with many islands, which are connected by channels. On these islands, in fact, St. Petersburg is located. The most famous islands are Zayachiy and Vasilyevsky. On the first one is the Peter and Paul Fortress, on the second one there are the famous St. Petersburg sphinxes and the stock exchange building.
Emperor Peter I had a dream to divide the largest of the islands, Vasilyevsky, at the mouth of the Neva with canals, to make it look like a corner of Amsterdam. The dreams of the ruler were not destined to come true. An associate of Emperor Peter I A. Menshikov squandered the funds available in the treasury. For a long time, people refused to settle on the island, since there were no roads here. Its mass settlement could be carried out only after the construction of bridges across the Neva.
The basin area of the water artery of St. Petersburg is about 5 thousand km 2, including Onega and Ladoga lakes. It is distinguished by a complex structure of the hydrological network. The basin includes about 26.3 thousand lakes, 48.3 thousand rivers. 26 rivers and small rivers will flow directly into the Neva. Its main tributaries: on the right side - Izhora, Slavyanka, Mga, Tosna, Murzinka, on the left - Black River and Okhta.
Name etymology
There are several versions of the origin of the name of the river. The first, Finnish, from the word "neva", which translates as a treeless swamp. Translated from the Sami, the word "nёvё" means small, fast. The second version is based on the Swedish word "ny(en)" - new. There is also a Slavic hypothesis about the origin of the name Neva. From the annals it is known that Lake Ladoga, which is the source of the Neva, in the old days was called Nevo, which meant “new”. Apparently, the tribes that previously inhabited these lands were eyewitnesses to the release of water from the banks of the reservoir and the birth of the river.
St. Petersburg floods
The city is located in low-lying and swampy places, on islands connected by channels, rivers and canals. During strong autumn winds blowing from the southwest, water surges into the Gulf of Finland, where the Neva flows, and from there it flows along the river and channels into the city. Floods are frequent and sometimes have catastrophic consequences. Near St. Isaac's Square there is a stele with marks of all known floods. The highest mark is at the level of 4.21 m. This flood occurred in 1824 and was reflected in the work of A.S. Pushkin "The Bronze Horseman".
In St. Petersburg on the Neva, floods occur from September to December. They cause significant damage to the city. The last very dangerous flood, when the water mark on the Kronstadt footstock was 220 cm, happened in 2007. In 2011, the construction of a complex of protective structures in the Neva Bay was completed. It was activated during the surge on December 28, 2011. This helped to avoid a very dangerous flood, according to experts, the water level could have risen to 281 cm. If the dam had not been closed in time, the city would have suffered multi-billion dollar damage.
Cities on the Neva
In total, there are four cities on the banks of the Neva. This is primarily St. Petersburg, located on the Neva Bay of the Gulf of Finland. In addition, Otradnoye, Kirovsk, Shlisselburg, located at the outlet of the Neva from Ladoga, stand on the river. Numerous small settlements are located on the banks.
Otradnoe
Before the revolution, the village of Otradnoye was a place of out-of-town recreation for residents of the capital. Beautiful places, fresh air and a clear river attracted residents of the city in the summer. Now Otradnoye, with a population of 25.3 thousand people, is a rather large industrial center that has its own Pella shipbuilding plant, the Lyubimiy Krai confectionery association, Lenrechport, Nevsky Plant Electroshield JSC, and others. The city, which received in 1970 year, its status as a result of the annexation of the villages of Ivanovskoye and Ust-Tosno, has more than five hundred years of history.
It is located 18 km from the Rybatskoye metro station, which is part of the territory of St. Petersburg.
Kirovsk
Kirovsk was founded in 1931 on the high left bank of the Neva as a city for the builders of the Kirov State District Power Plant. Distance from St. Petersburg - 35 km. Currently, it is an industrial city with a population of 26,000 people. Here is the plant "Ladoga", a house-building plant, a branch of the concern "Okeanpribor" and many others. The M18 highway passes through Kirovsk, connecting the city of St. Petersburg with Murmansk. The city bears the name of the outstanding figure of the Soviet Union Sergei Mironovich Kirov. It has a pier and the Nevdubstroy railway station.
Shlisselburg
The city of Shlisselburg was founded as a fortress. It was founded in 1323 by Prince Yury of Novgorod at the exit of the Neva from Ladoga on Orekhovy Island and was called "Oreshek". The fortress was wooden, after 25 years the Novgorodians laid stone walls. It played an important strategic role and opened the way to the sea for Novgorod.
More than once "Oreshek" withstood the siege of the Swedes, but in 1613 it was captured by them and received a new name - Noteburg, which in Swedish meant the city of nuts. After 89 years, the settlement was conquered by Peter I. He gave it its modern name.
On the left bank of the river, a settlement with the same name was formed, which in 1780 was given the status of the city of Shlisselburg. Now its population is 15 thousand people. The road H135 Shlisselburg - Kirovsk - Petersburg was laid to St. Petersburg. The distance to the northern capital is about 50 km.
The history of Krasny Oktyabr JSC has been around for 120 years. The company specializes in the manufacture of engines for helicopters and aircraft. On the basis of the production company, a subsidiary was created - CJSC Krasny Oktyabr-Neva. It produces a wide range of consumer goods.
Enterprise assortment
A significant place in the assortment of the enterprise is occupied by motorized agricultural machinery:
- four- and two-stroke power units,
- motor cultivators,
- motoblocks,
- pumps.
All this equipment is produced under the brand name Neva, known both in Russia and in neighboring countries. The company carries out a full production cycle, from the development and creation of prototypes, to the serial launch of devices into mass production. Many models of units are equipped with powerful engines from foreign suppliers.
Simplicity and convenience in operation
Motorcycle brand Neva is suitable for domestic and professional use. High-quality productive units are quite simple and easy to use. Particularly popular with the mass consumer are the MK-100 motor cultivators, which are best suited for working on a small plot of land. For processing large areas, it is recommended that they can be equipped with various attachments: a grouser, a hiller, a plow, a potato digger, etc.
St. Petersburg is famous for its historical museums and cultural monuments, but its main attraction is the Neva - the river, which amazes with its beauty, power and strength. This is a real water artery of the great Russian city, bringing to it a unique energy and a certain mystery.
General characteristics
It has a very long length, amounting to 74 kilometers from the source to the Gulf of Finland in the eastern part of the Baltic Sea. The river in St. Petersburg itself flows for only 30 kilometers.
It has a fairly large width, especially near the source (more than 1000 m), and its narrowest place, 200 meters wide, is located near Cape Svyatki at the Ivanovskiye Rapids. On average, the distance from one bank to another varies from 500 to 700 m. It is also believed that the Neva is a deep-water river. Its minimum depth is 4 meters, and the maximum in some places reaches 24 meters.
In winter, the Neva freezes completely. She is bound by ice chains from December until April. The general direction of its flow is from east to west. The river has steep, sometimes steep banks, the average height of which is within 10 meters.
Centuries-old history
Several thousand years ago, in the place where the Neva is located - a river that has witnessed many historical moments in the fate of Russia, the Tosna River used to flow. After the Ladoga reservoir was transformed into a closed lake, its waters rose, thereby exceeding the permissible level, and flooded the entire valley of the Mga River. Ivanovskiye rapids were formed on this very territory. Thus, a valley arose, where the Neva now flows. The Tosna River and subsequently transformed into its tributaries.
The development of the lands of this waterway and the settlement of them by people began in ancient times when the glaciers melted.
In the ninth century, the Neva was called the Vodskaya Pyatina and belonged to Veliky Novgorod. It divided those lands into two banks, which had different names, the right one - the Karelian territory, and the left - the Izhora.
It is generally accepted that the river received the name "Neva" from the Swedes in the thirteenth century, when battles took place in these places between the militia of Nizhny Novgorod and the Swedish troops. The first mention of the river as the "Neva" was found in a book that described the life of Alexander Nevsky.
In the eighteenth century, when the Neva returned to the Russian Empire, the solemn construction of St. Petersburg began, which later became the capital. But bridges were not built at that time, since Peter I considered them a direct barrier to navigation. They began to appear in the city only after the death of the king.
Opening bridges
It is known that many different structures were erected both near the river and above it. But the most important, of course, are the bridges. A large number of them have been built, and they are all different: some are for pedestrians, others are for cars, and still others are for railways. The oldest of them are Blagoveshchensky, built in 1850, and Foundry, built in 1879.
Many of the bridges are movable, and in 2004 a new non-drawable (cable-stayed) Bolshoi Obukhovsky Bridge was opened. In 2007, the northern capital celebrated the opening of another cable-stayed bridge, the twin brother of the Bolshoi Obukhovsky.
Variety of attractions
Everyone knows the fact that the Neva is a river in St. Petersburg. The description of this waterway of the city introduces wonderful places along its channel, with the extraordinary beauty of the valleys located near its banks.
In addition to the beauties of nature, the Neva is famous for the splendor of architectural masterpieces scattered along its banks. One of these ancient sights is the fortress with the interesting name "Oreshek", located near Shlisselburg. Along the entire length of the Neva, on its banks, there are many temples and historical monuments, as well as churches and various monuments dedicated to various memorable dates.
In St. Petersburg itself, on the banks of the Neva, there are many cultural monuments that have become real symbols of the northern capital of the Russian Federation. For example, the famous Hermitage is located there, which is one of the favorite places to visit for both residents and guests of St. Petersburg.
In 2006, a magnificent fountain was opened opposite Vasilyevsky Island. There are also many more interesting historical sights: Aurora - the famous cruiser, the Summer Garden, Smolny and many others.
Various islands and tributaries
26 small tributaries flow into the Neva, the main ones are Mga, Tosna, Izhora, Slavyanka, Okhta and Chernaya Rechka.
In its delta, it has about forty islands, the most significant and largest of which are: Dekabristov, Vasilyevsky, Petrogradsky and Krestovsky. The territory of the Zayachiy, Kamenny and Elaginsky islands is a little smaller, but at the same time they are no less famous.
The Neva is a river in St. Petersburg that does not have spits or any wide shallows, so ships can safely come close to its banks.
The only river that flows out of it is the Neva.
The total length of its granite embankments is 100 km!
Due to the fact that waters from the Gulf of Finland are rushing into the lower reaches of the river, disastrous floods often occur there. The most catastrophic was in November 1824, which was even mentioned by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in his poem called The Bronze Horseman.
Neva - a river in St. Petersburg - is loved by fishermen. This type of fishing is very developed here, since in its waters there is an interesting fish - smelt, which comes here from the Gulf of Finland and has become a kind of brand of the northern capital. If you're lucky, you can even catch salmon, but you need to know certain places. Pike, zander, ruff, roach, perch come across here.
Anyone who has never seen this waterway with their own eyes will not fully understand what the Neva (river in St. Petersburg) can be. Photos can only partially convey all its beauty, power and magnificence. This river amazes everyone with its grandeur.
One of the most magnificent rivers in Russia is the Neva. Lake Ladoga serves as a mouth for 30 rivers, and only the Neva flows out of it and continues its significant path. Free, luxurious and characteristic, it invariably adorns St. Petersburg. Poems are composed in honor of her, because the river is no less loved by all Russians than the city of Petersburg itself.
The Neva is often called the most uncontrolled river. It changes its depth and width every half a kilometer. Therefore, it hardly resists the forces of the wind, and there are many cases when the Neva brought disaster to its coastal inhabitants. The beautiful river can be different and in every possible way can show a changeable "character". Under dark clouds, she becomes threatening and gloomy, during sunset - colorful, and in autumn she especially tries to show her temper, but it is impossible not to fall in love with her.
The river, unlike other bodies of water, receives its food from the lake. Due to the steep banks, ships can come close to both of them. Large-scale floods occasionally occur. The Gulf of Finland is catching up with water, and the Neva becomes a real disaster for the local population.
Length of the Neva River
The main water system of some Russian cities cannot boast of being too long. The length of the Neva from source to mouth is only 75 km. And the length from the beginning of the river to the end in a straight direction is 46 km. The height of the fall of the water element is 5 meters. The Neva does not belong to the large and mighty rivers of Russia, but despite this, a small river holds the same volume of water as the Dnieper and Don rivers combined! The Neva has a huge basin, consisting of 48 thousand lakes. The largest among them are Ladoga and Onega.
Source of the Neva River
(Lake Ladoga - the source of the Neva River)
The Neva originates from the corner of Lake Ladoga, near the town of Shlisselburg. After a few kilometers, the river makes a detour and flows into the Gulf of Finland. Numerous tributaries and branches of the river form a vast area on which the largest cities of the Russian Federation are located.
Nature gave people at the very source of the Neva a small island that protects the exit from the lake to the majestic river. Each guest of the island can enjoy the amazing views of ancient castles and towers that are of historical value to Russia.
Mouth of the Neva River
The river ends its run in the Neva Bay of the Gulf of Finland. A sandbar separates the mouth of the river from the Neva Bay. Overcoming the distance from its source to the end of the mouth, the river describes a detour and ends in the south.
Tributaries of the Neva River
A small river collects 25 rivers and various watercourses. In addition, the Neva has many water branches, canals and channels. The main tributaries of the Neva are the Black River, Izhora, Mga and Murzinka. Almost all tributaries are much older than the Neva itself and carry their rich historical value. The main right-sided tributaries are Utka, Okhta, Dubrovka, Chernavka. According to the nature of the regime, the Neva is divided into upper and lower parts.
The Neva is a very versatile river. It perfectly combines beauty and power, humility and unbridled character, and in combination with the changeable St. Petersburg weather, it has become a local legend.
Cities of Russia on the Neva River
On the picturesque banks of the majestic river there are four large cities - Otradnoe, St. Petersburg, Kirovsk and Shlisselburg. Also, more than 30 cities and villages with a smaller population, unlike large cities. The stormy Neva River hides a rich and mysterious history of its cities. Many scientists are sure that a huge number of valuables are hidden on the territory of the Neva. Until now, archaeologists have found numerous facts indicating that it was on the banks of the Neva River that ancient people organized their camps.
The Neva River in folk culture
(I. K. Aivazovsky "View of St. Petersburg" 1988)
Great poets dedicated their poems to the wondrous river. She is sung and composed thousands of songs about her. Museums store masterpieces depicting the great Neva River. She serves as a muse for many artists, singers, poets and artists of our time. A.S. Pushkin described one flood of the Neva River in his famous poem "The Bronze Horseman". School "Scarlet Sails", love dates, a beach on Petropavlovka, bridges - that gives unforgettable memories to the residents of the legendary "city on the Neva".
For more than fifteen years, the NEVA brand has been manufacturing and supplying high-quality equipment for various agricultural activities. In fact, NEVA motorcycles began to exist much earlier: the walk-behind tractor of the same name was produced at the Krasny Oktyabr plant back in 1985 and became the first walk-behind tractor mass-produced in the USSR. The brand itself, in the form in which it exists now, was formed in 2002, becoming a full-fledged subsidiary.
To date, its range has grown significantly, and, as the official website of "NEVA" emphasizes, individual models have been awarded the title of "One Hundred Best Goods of Russia" several times.
Products of the Red October company - the choice of true professionals
All kinds of equipment options, as well as attachments for the NEVA walk-behind tractor, are manufactured taking into account the specifics of certain garden works, as well as in accordance with generally accepted European quality standards. Through strong partnerships, each walk-behind tractor is equipped with a proprietary semi-professional or professional type engine manufactured by one of the well-known brands: Subaru (Fuji Heavy Industries Limited company), Honda or Briggs & Stratton.
In general, even now, when competition in the market is greater than ever, NEVA products are rightfully considered one of the best. Its productivity, reliability and ergonomics are not inferior to the models of the best foreign companies, and maintainability and equipment even surpass it.
In particular, in addition to the main unit, the brand offers to purchase:
- hillers;
- plows;
- weeders;
- mower;
- potato digger;
- potato planter;
- pump;
- snow blower;
- brush;
- dumps;
- trolley;
- garden waste shredder;
- lugs;
- wheels and replaceable cutters;
- weighting agents.
You can always learn more about the characteristics of specific models of walk-behind tractors and options for their use on the website of the official NEVA dealer, the Garden Mechanisms company.
NEVA cultivators - the best combination of price and quality
To date, this technique is considered one of the most effective solutions for working with land on various types of sites. Any model of this manufacturer provides maximum ease of operation, and also has excellent maneuverability.
The greatest stability and minimum load on the hands of such units as, for example, the NEVA MK-80 or MK-200 cultivator is ensured by the unique layout of the transmission units, with the center of gravity moving to the lower position. With such equipment, you can process narrow beds, work under shrubs or undersized trees, while maintaining high quality plowing and loosening.
Motoblocks Neva - an effective technique of our time!
Among motoblocks, such models as NEVA MB-1, MB-2 and MB-23SD are especially popular today. All of them have earned the trust of landowners, both in Russia and in other countries.
Official representative offices of NEVA operate in Bulgaria, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Armenia, Belarus and Kazakhstan. And, of course, NEVA products are also easily available in Russia - the official website of the Garden Mechanisms dealer allows you to order them with convenient delivery from Moscow to any other city.
