There are more and more people wanting to build their own home. Surely you are one of them, since you visited our site. The desire to cope on your own is commendable. But, nevertheless, we must give advice - specialists are people who have spent several years of their lives learning construction. And it is extremely easy for them to build a house of the required quality in the optimal time frame.
Specialists know all the intricacies of the construction process, rules and sanitary standards, will make sure that problems do not arise in the future, will give the necessary recommendations, and will save time. That's why We do not recommend saving on hiring craftsmen from a successfully proven company in the construction market of your city.
Regardless of who will carry out the construction process, you need to know what tasks will require solving before you start pouring the foundation. Let's talk about this now.
Buying a plot
So, you need to buy the plot on which the house will be built and properly formalize the legal transaction. I think there is no need to say that it should be located close to other existing residential buildings, because utility networks will have to be installed. And “dragging” them from afar is unprofitable.
It is important to correctly correlate your financial capabilities, the size of the plot and the approximate size of the future home. The ratio of the area of the house to the total area of the plot should be 1 to 10.
Remember that an area that is too large is difficult to care for, and a small area will not allow it to “expand” in the future.
However, even before purchasing land, you must hire specialists who will conduct a geological survey of the site and topographic survey of the area. They will take soil and water samples, conduct laboratory soil tests, advise on the type of foundation, and draw up geological sections of the site. All these efforts will be aimed at finding dangerous places that will bring many problems in the future.
Many experts advise conducting geological research precisely at the time of site selection.
Also, before purchasing, you need to collect as much information as possible about the site. Chat with your neighbors. They are the ones who often tell a lot of necessary things. If the plot was already owned before you, cadastral data about it can be obtained from the administration.
Avoid areas:
- Close to garbage dumps
- Close to wastewater treatment plants
- Near the swampy area
- With the impossibility of access for construction equipment there
- Located far from social infrastructure
Project
The second step is preparing the project. You need to either download a ready-made one available on the Internet/purchase from a construction company, or contact specialists to develop an individual one together with them.
It is not recommended to design a house yourself, just like designing a house. Due to the lack of necessary experience, you cannot predict all mistakes in advance. And it will be too late to redo something at the moment when the foundation is erected, part of the house is built. Any adjustments made to the project directly at the construction site will inevitably entail an increase in cost and time.
A standard project is convenient in that you can quickly begin construction, bypassing design work.
You must understand that the house is built to suit your living conditions. You must know exactly:
- How many rooms do you want
- Will there be a second floor?
- Number of permanent residents
- What will be located in the rooms
- What area should they be made of?
- What size should the kitchen and living room be?
- What budget do you have?
- Will you be able to make additional payments, etc., if necessary?
If, for example, you often invite guests, then it is better to make a spacious living room. If relatives come to you from time to time, then there must be a separate room for them, etc. You must also decide on the construction material, the shape of the house and roof, and the presence of additional buildings in the yard.
After taking into account all the features of your future residence, you need to contact a designer (you still need to find a good specialist). He will take into account all your requirements and wishes, your available budget, develop a project, and also make the necessary adjustments.
Linking the project to the area
If the site research was carried out immediately, all that remains is to carry out the full-size design of the house. This process is aimed at taking into account the influence of climatic factors, determining the most optimal position of the house on the site for comfortable living, and determining the boundaries of your territory.
Construction permit (approval)
Why build a house without coordinating the process with local governments? After all, they can demolish it later. Obtaining a building permit will help you avoid problems.
- Get permission to build a house. To do this, prepare a package of necessary documents: a passport, documents confirming that you are the owner of the site, an application to the head of the administration in which you ask to give the go-ahead for construction, a copy of the house plan, a copy of the license of the company that developed the project for you. In each region of the country, the list of documents may differ, so visit your city administration and check all the details.
- Receive a site inspection report. To do this, contact the geosurveillance department and provide them with a topographic survey plan, as well as an act of delineating the boundaries of the site and setting out the axes of the building. If you continue the construction of a house abandoned by the previous owner, you must provide documents for the land and a site plan
- Prepare a construction passport for the facility. To do this, prepare the necessary documents again: passport, land title, site plan, application for a building permit, a notarized copy of the design company’s license, site survey report
- Contact the sanitary-epidemiological and fire inspections in order to agree on the development plan with them. Additionally, the energy and gas schemes must be coordinated with the fire inspectorate
- Once permission has been received, you need to contact the architecture committee, submit the agreed plan there and receive a construction passport
Or maybe you are choosing between a frame and timber house? Then it will help you make your choice.
Choosing a construction company
The last stage of preparation for construction is choosing a construction company (if you hire specialists). If you plan to do the construction yourself, then you can skip this point. Building a house with your own hands reduces costs by 15-30 percent. But sometimes it’s better not to skimp on convenience.
Construction of a house
The construction of the house is carried out in five stages:
- Excavation
- Laying the foundation
- Construction of walls and ceilings
- Installation of roof truss system
- Laying roofing material
Excavation
Excavation work begins with leveling the area and digging a pit for pouring the foundation. Excavators and bulldozers are used for this purpose. The bottom of the pit is cleared manually. It is better to start pouring the foundation immediately after preparing the site. Otherwise, the earth may crumble, fill the bottom of the pit, and you will have to clear it again, wasting time and money.
Pouring the foundation
The site is ready - it’s time to build the foundation. A layer of crushed stone, ten centimeters thick, is poured into the prepared pit, on top of which bitumen is poured. Next, formwork is made, a concrete foundation pad is laid, and reinforcing elements are installed.
Construction of foundation walls
When the concrete has hardened, construction of the foundation walls begins. Concrete blocks can be used for this purpose.
Construction of walls and ceilings
Immediately after laying the foundation, they begin to erect walls and install floors. This process is labor-intensive and we will look at it in a separate article.
The final stage of building a house is the installation of the roof truss system and laying of roofing material. When choosing a roofing material, you need to take into account issues such as rain noise and fire safety. If the choice falls in favor, then during the rain you will be able to sleep peacefully. Many articles have been written about other roofing materials on the pages of our online resource.
One of the most airtight roofing materials is. The coating is hermetic, since the sheet joints are fastened using the seam method, that is, without nails, screws and other devices.
And if you have already made a choice in favor of an onduvilla, then you should familiarize yourself with the rules and sequence of installation of an onduvilla.
Or are you a supporter of tiles? Then we suggest reading the article about installing ceramic tiles. But keep in mind that its installation is a complex process.
As you can see, before starting to build your own home, you need to solve a lot of problems, which you now know about.
Video about where to start building a house
Are you planning to build a wooden house? Then first of all you need to decide on the construction budget. Having an approximate idea of the amount you are willing to spend to make your dream come true, you will be able to quickly select the optimal project for the future building, suitable both from the point of view of comfort and practicality.
If you do not plan to carry out the construction yourself, then the next step you have to take is choosing a developer. To do this, it is best to analyze a list of at least three or four companies, and it is advisable to personally see the objects that were built by the potential builders of your home. In addition, you should proceed from the presumed professionalism of the developer, which can be assessed, among other things, by his willingness to answer your questions clearly and in detail.
The next necessary stage is designing a wooden house. In this case, you will have to choose - purchase a standard project or order the development of an individual project. The main advantage of the latter is its originality and compliance with any specific needs of your family. However, be prepared for the fact that such pleasure will cost you a lot of money. In addition, when developing your own project, do not under any circumstances try to save on the services of an architect, because an incorrect calculation of the technical parameters of the house can lead to the fact that it will simply be impossible to build it. If you are not ready for large expenses, then you should still give preference to a standard project, where you can make small changes if necessary.
When developing or choosing a ready-made project, you should determine your requirements for your future home as accurately as possible. So, if you plan to live in the house all year round, then be sure to provide a boiler room where the heating system will be located. In addition, a house intended for year-round use cannot do without a wide vestibule, which will prevent the penetration of cold air into heated rooms. It is better to design the placement of the kitchen and bathroom along one wall - this solution will simplify the installation of sewerage.
Think, maybe already at the design stage you will want to combine a kitchen, dining room and living room in one room. In such a spacious room, all your family will be able to gather in full force. A very practical thing is zoning the future home. For example, the sleeping area should be marked out on the top floor or in the far part of the house so that other family members do not disturb those sleeping. Instead of one large bedroom, it is better to provide several small rooms - this will help conserve heat more effectively.
It is also important to correctly design the location of interior doors and stairs. It is recommended to build the house so that the doors are located closer to the corners of the room, and the rooms have as few passage areas as possible, which are almost never used by the owners.
Finally, at the initial stage it is correct to decide on the land plot on which it will stand. Remember that it is not recommended to build wooden houses on damp, watery soil, otherwise inter-seasonal temperature changes can lead to movement of the foundation, which in turn increases the likelihood of the walls of the house being distorted.
Nine stages of building a house made of wood
I propose to start by dividing everything that is connected with the process of building a wooden house into separate components - the fact is that all construction processes can be divided into nine stages.
Further, in this section we will try to describe the components and features of each stage that are important in our opinion, focusing the attention of the future homeowner on interesting nuances and, of course, we will give our recommendations.
Choosing a site for a house
I am sure that every future homeowner will have to choose a plot of land based on many criteria. These criteria can vary significantly, but let's try to systematize the most important ones. In addition to, of course, the perspective opening from the land plot, the slope, the absence of noise and silence, the presence of trees or shrubs - when choosing a site for construction, it is worth carefully studying the type of soil of the site and access roads. The road and storage space during construction will be a significant component in organizing the work. Good access roads will make it easier to transport and unload house kits and building materials. They will not spoil your mood during trips to the site in the rainy months. In addition, good roads will bring significant savings in time and budget during construction work.
The type of soil on the site can also significantly reduce your costs for the foundation and drainage from the house. Ideally, if the soil on the site is sandy, in this case you can use an inexpensive shallow shallow foundation. In other cases, the design needs to be selected. It will be necessary to take into account the characteristics of the soil and the groundwater level in the area. In addition, soil type and groundwater affect the plantings on the site. For example, if the groundwater is low, it will be easier to form a garden of fruit trees and stone fruits. Our recommendations are to locate the house in a higher part of the plot, and choose a plot that is not too low in relation to its neighbors.
Choosing a project for a future wooden house
With the huge variety of projects that are offered on sites today, it is important to understand - not all projects can be built. Our first recommendation is that if you have chosen a project, you should see this house as built. Having the opportunity to measure a project for yourself is quite important when determining a design solution for your home. But, of course, not all cottages can look as interesting as they looked on the website or on paper. Why is that? Because many projects of wooden houses were developed in the 90s - in those days, the culture and technological solutions for building houses (larger than the well-known country house size of 6x6 meters) were formed. Not all projects were thought out from top to bottom. Many lacked the meaning of a planning solution and the components were not thought through. The connections between structures, such as the roof and floor beams, were not reliable enough, which created problems for future homeowners. Perhaps our opponent will say that anything can be built. Perhaps... but at what price? The cost of every ill-conceived decision when building a house, including one made of wood, is very high. Choose carefully. Take your time. You can always contact an independent specialist for the most objective assessment of the quality of each project. For our part, we offer you our planning solutions. You can evaluate each of them by visiting the built house. We hope that your choice of project will be the best decision for your family.
Construction of the foundation
Everybody knows the foundation is the foundation of any house. And you definitely need a good solid foundation. In practice, the reliability of the foundation directly depends on several components: Who is doing? How does? What materials does it use?
You and I live in Russia and of course we notice that even in Moscow, the roads and sidewalks are not ideal. The first question is - who are the contractors?
We recommend choosing a reliable and responsible contractor to install the foundation of your house, and not a group of migrant workers from the nearest construction market in the Moscow region. Engaging an experienced foreman in the work will give you confidence in the quality. Workers’ knowledge of technological processes when pouring a foundation will eliminate the need to correct errors that will inevitably arise when turning to the services of guest workers, who will tell you that “they can do everything.” All in all, this will save you both time and money. It will relieve you of unnecessary stress and tension on your nervous system.
When installing the foundation, emphasis must be placed on point 3 - “what it is made of.” The use of high-quality ready-mix concrete of a high grade and a connected powerful reinforcement frame, strong, exactly in size mounted formwork are also necessary components of a reliable and strong foundation for your wooden house. We recommend using ready-mixed concrete of classes no lower than B-17.5. When building our houses, we use only B-22.5 concrete. According to the old Soviet classification system, it corresponds to the M-300 concrete grade. At the same time, installation of the lower crown of the house on such a reliable foundation can be done within 5-10 days after pouring concrete into the formwork.
Assembling the box at home
Let's imagine that the foundation of your house is already ready. After this and before installing the first crown, work must be done on laying waterproofing. A special insulating material - reinforced waterproofing - is laid on the surface of the foundation. This is a rolled material, which is based on frost-resistant bitumen mastic and is applied to a special reinforcing fabric. The material prevents moisture from penetrating into the lower crown.
Next, the installation of the house kit begins. It starts from the lower crown of the house. It, in turn, consists of a half-crown and a crown covering it. It is important to carefully check the axial dimensions of the house and the diagonals. The geometry of the lower crown must be impeccable as this is the basis of the geometry of the future house. Therefore, the dimensions are checked with special care. As in the proverb: Seven times measure cut once.
Many of you will be faced with a difficult choice - Which material is better to choose for the walls of a wooden house? What section of log or beam is best to use? Which inter-crown insulation is preferable to use when assembling a box at home? Some consider a sufficient and economically reasonable option to use a log diameter of 200 mm or 220 mm or a beam with a section of 145 mm or 160 mm. Other future homeowners believe that a wooden house built from natural logs of such diameters will not be warm enough and order larger material for the walls of the house - a log with a diameter of 280 mm or even 300 mm, or timber with a thickness of 240 mm or 280 mm. Which one is right?
Let's listen to the opinion on this issue from experts in wooden house construction and ask for recommendations from our engineers. Of course, both the size of the log diameter and the thickness of the laminated timber significantly affect the quality and comfort of a wooden house. This directly determines how energy efficient and warm your home will be. At the same time, we cannot discard cases when the crooked hands of covens or random builders made a house from a log with a cross-section of 260 mm. It’s more likely that a house built with a diameter of 200 mm turned out to be of higher quality and warmer.
According to experts, it is more important that when selecting raw materials for the manufacture of logs with a diameter of 280-300 mm, sawlogs of a larger cross-section are used. And for a diameter of 200-220 mm - on the contrary, younger wood. As a result, the sawlog is older and has a more stable, stable structure and, of course, a much thicker layer of dense wood. We get the desired effect - a large-diameter natural log has virtually no spatial deformations and cracks less. A thick log has a slight shrinkage. It will not require difficult adjustments during installation. This way you will end up with a different, higher build quality. The joints and joints will be tight even after the installation of the house kit and, after some time, after the assembled box has shrunk. The experts' conclusion is that a house made of large-diameter logs will not only be warmer, but also of better quality. It is necessary to take into account that the effect of increasing the thickness of the wall material will be greater when using northern forest and less significant when using forest from regions neighboring Moscow.
The economic component is, of course, not the last when making an important decision on the cross-section of wall material. But think a few times - in fact, the difference of 200-300 thousand rubles in the total construction budget is less than 5%. Taking into account the future costs of heating the house, this difference will return to your pocket, and the advantages of a large diameter will always be with you and - completely free of charge.
An important component during the installation of a house kit is the floor beams, floor beams and rafters. The cross-section of the building parts is also important here. We recommend using timber with a cross-section of at least 200 mm. It is better to use rafters with a cross-section of at least 200×50 mm. At our facilities, as an option, we offer Customers the installation of these elements from Siberian larch.
During installation, the spacing of rafters and beams should not be more than 60 cm. This distance between the load-bearing elements of the house’s structures - beams and rafters - makes it possible to lay heat or soundproofing slabs efficiently and tightly.
When installing a house, you should look ahead and provide for the measures that you cannot do without to create a comfortable home. What is meant? We mean acoustic comfort inside the house and another important point - the ventilation of the walls. Many, including builders of wooden houses, naively believe that the use of conventional inter-crown spacer materials will not create problems. They hope that they will “work”... In fact, what happens is the following - the details of the walls of a wooden house - be it a rounded log, laminated veneer lumber or a simple profiled beam - undergo deformation and change slightly in size. In this case, the following happens: 1. Gaps appear between the crowns, including in laminated veneer lumber. 2. Parts begin to breathe and creak.
There is no time for acoustic comfort here - any movement in one part of the house is transmitted to other rooms. This is especially true for interfloor ceilings and internal walls of the attic. How to protect yourself from this? Wooden house construction experts recommend using only proven inter-crown insulation and sealants. Our company uses such material. It's called "Klimalan". The material is produced in Germany based on sheep wool, which has long been known as excellent thermal insulation and very effective sound insulation. Inter-crown insulation “Klimalan” the highest class for sound insulation and noise suppression is European Class A. Almost all of our customers chose this particular material for insulating the walls of their wooden houses.
Contour finish
The first stage of finishing a wooden house - what we call contour finishing - will begin with several types of preparatory work. This is, first of all, grinding the surfaces of the external walls of wood - without this, high-quality painting of the walls outside is impossible, then comes the creation of the ideal plane of the truss structure of the house and its preparation for the subsequent installation of insulation. Next comes the finishing of the cornices and overhangs of the protruding parts of the roof, then the installation of not the main floor, but the subfloor, with preliminary treatment of it with antiseptic compounds.
It is worth not losing sight of the high-quality insulation of the junction of the fronts and the rafter structure. The heat loss through the roof will depend on how well it is insulated.
After the preparatory activities are completed, important work begins, namely, insulation of the truss structure, or, in short, insulation of the roof. It is advisable to pay attention to the size of the eaves and roof overhangs. It must be more than 70 centimeters. We have gone even further in our projects. We offer a basic configuration in which the overhangs are already 900 mm from the wall axis, and as an option we offer roof extensions of 1,200 and 1,500 mm. This is already a real chalet. The building material we use to finish roof overhangs is thick dry finishing board. We do not recommend using any kind of plastic soffits. The fact is that a wooden house (including one made of laminated veneer lumber) will “breathe” and the plastic “lining” will quickly lose its shape. Keep in mind that the roofing material should be sufficient and not of thin section. This will protect the structure during minor deformations and drying out.
Our recommendation is to use slab insulation rather than roll insulation. Among them: Rockwool and Paroc. To install the top membrane film, it is better to use professional construction films. You can use Dörken or Tyvek AirGuard® films; Tyvek® Soft is also suitable. The use of Dörken foil films will help reduce heat loss through your roof. When the installation of insulation is completed, you can begin installing the roof and drainage system of a wooden house. In parallel with the installation of the roof, work can also be carried out to prepare for the installation of windows and external doors - installing fire monitors on door and window openings. The installation of internal frame partitions is also ongoing in parallel.
The final part of the work at the contour finishing stage is priming and painting the exterior walls of the house. Over the past 7 years, our company has been using materials for priming and painting houses produced by the German company Remmers. In accordance with design decisions and the greater attractiveness of the facades of a wooden house, the outer walls and finishing of the roof lining and cornices are painted in contrasting different colors. When the house is painted and the scaffolding is dismantled, the stage of exterior finishing of a wooden house is almost complete. All that remains for us is to install window blocks, entrance doors and mount decorative trim elements on them.
Internal communications
Immediately after completion of the contour finishing work, it becomes possible to install utility networks and communications inside the wooden house and connect them to external networks. We recommend that you make the necessary preparations for this stage in advance. At a minimum, make a sketch of the arrangement of furniture and plumbing fixtures; if you want to approach the issue of installing engineering with all seriousness and carefully think through what will be located where, a project will be needed. We work with each customer individually and try to adapt the engineering solution as much as possible to the specifics of a specific project. It all starts with the interior and arrangement of furniture, layout of bathrooms, kitchen and arrangement of plumbing fixtures. All details are important, including the location of the sink, dishwasher and washing machine. It is important to determine how and in what manner the water supply and sewage drainage will be carried out. What fuel the boiler will need to operate on. Do you need a boiler or is a flow-through heater sufficient? We will offer you the optimal engineering solution for heating and power supply of your home. Mutual understanding with the Customer and clarity on the goals and objectives for a particular house will help speed up the installation of utility networks.
Finishing - finishing of a wooden house
The installation of communications has been completed - you can now begin finishing work. Selected materials and a very skilled team of finishers are what is needed for the successful implementation of your interior finishing plans. We recommend that before starting this stage, you drive through and look at already built houses with completed finishing. This will give you a more complete idea of the breadth of choice of building materials and allow you to determine your preferences. The choice of flooring material, decorative boards for ceilings is difficult to do from pictures in magazines and on the website - it requires a deep dive, and we provide this opportunity at our facilities. Another important component of this stage is the work itself. Installation and installation of various parts and finishing elements: window sills, stairs, decorative corners and strips - everything requires care and painstaking attitude. And one more important detail is to ensure the correct selection of material. The use of the right material and the skillful hands of builders and finishers are the basis for the quality and long service life of the home’s interior. During site visits, engineers and foremen of our company will advise you on the use of different materials for finishing work on your wooden house.
Come visit us, get acquainted with our work, visit our facilities, and we will build your home with skill and care!
Having decided to build their own house or dacha, private developers are faced with a complex of issues. It is somewhat difficult to solve a number of organizational problems, among which the first positions are occupied by the correct choice of a construction site, as well as obtaining the necessary documents. It is important to choose a contractor, purchase construction materials in a timely manner and draw up an action plan. The building must be erected after all issues have been resolved. Let's take a closer look at some of the nuances.
General information about housing construction
The construction of buildings intended for residential and commercial purposes on one’s own territory is called individual housing construction (IHC).
It provides for the construction of the following types of buildings:
- residential cottage;
- private house;
- country house building;
- frame extension to an existing building.
In the process of individual housing construction, not only the construction of the walls and foundation of a residential building is carried out, but also the construction of a superstructure that increases the number of storeys. Private developers, simultaneously with the construction of a house, are constructing additional buildings - garages, bathhouses, outbuildings. Before the start of construction activities, it is necessary to draw up documents for the land, develop a site plan, and also obtain a construction permit from local governments.
More and more people want to build their own home
Preparatory stage of construction
Novice developers are wondering where to start building a house. There are no trifles in this matter. At the preparatory stage, it is important to decide on the following points:
- the design of the future building and its harmonious perception in the exterior. It is important to maintain the general style of the territory, creating a holistic perception;
- time of year to carry out construction activities. Considering the duration of the work, it is advisable to start construction in the spring when the temperature rises to 5-8°C;
- building materials used for the construction of walls. The correct choice determines the volume of expenses, the internal microclimate, the stability of the building, as well as its service life;
- contractor of construction works. Carrying out construction activities yourself will reduce the estimated cost, and hiring professionals will shorten the duration of construction;
- possible amount of financing. The amount of costs is influenced by the design features of the building, the type of foundation, roof design, as well as the presence of a basement, bathhouse, or attached garage.
Quite often there are dilapidated buildings at the construction site. In this case, it is necessary to carry out the following work:
- disconnect the utilities connected to them in agreement with the relevant services;
- dismantle dilapidated buildings and report this to the technical inventory bureau;
- clear the area of debris remaining after dismantling and plan the area.
It is not recommended to independently design a house, as well as planning the site of a country house. Site for a future home - selection criteria
You can begin to implement plans to build a house after purchasing a plot of land. It is important to complete the transaction correctly and obtain documents confirming ownership.
When purchasing a plot of land, consider the following factors:
- distance from the site location to the city center. It is preferable to locate the site within the boundaries of a populated area or at a distance from it no more than 15 km;
- dimensions of the land plot. You should focus on the proportion accepted in construction, according to which the area of the structure being erected is no more than one tenth of the total area;
- location in close proximity to schools, kindergartens, medical institutions and retail outlets. If there are children in the family and year-round living, the proximity of infrastructure is one of the determining factors;
- condition of access roads. The presence of highways with high-quality asphalt pavement and proximity to bus, trolleybus or tram stops will allow you to quickly get home and to work;
- availability of utility networks on the site. The location in close proximity to water supply lines, electricity supply lines and sewerage networks will allow the facility to be quickly put into operation;
It is necessary to buy the plot on which the house will be built and properly formalize the legal transaction - ecological situation in the area. It is advisable to use for construction sites located at a considerable distance from industrial enterprises, wastewater treatment plants, swamps, and garbage dumps;
- nature of the soil. The ability of the soil to bear the load from the mass of the building determines the number of storeys and design of the building, and also affects the choice of building materials and the type of foundation used;
- the presence of permanent structures on the construction site. They may have to be dismantled. This will increase cash costs and increase the duration of construction activities.
When purchasing a plot, instruct specialists to check the correctness of the documents, as well as the compliance of the overall dimensions and area with the data specified in the cadastral passport.
Development of a house project
At the preparatory stage, study the best designs of frame houses, as well as permanent residential buildings. This will make it easier to decide on the design of your future home. A project is required for construction.
Possible options:
- purchase a standard project at an affordable price, which will reduce cash costs;
- carry out individual design by professional architects;
- carry out development independently if you have design skills.
Any adjustments made to the project directly on the construction site will inevitably entail an increase in cost and time Mandatory sections of project documentation:
- working sketches providing general information about the design of the future building and its structure;
- architectural part, detailing the dimensions and relative position of the interior spaces, the placement of bathrooms and utility rooms;
- a constructive section containing engineering calculations and giving an idea of the structure of the foundation, the features of the walls and roof;
- engineering part, which provides information on the layout of electrical cables, water pipes, sewerage, ventilation networks and heating lines.
Professional builders focus on the following points:
- the possibility, in the future, of increasing the area of the building by increasing the number of floors and making an extension to the permanent structure. A strong foundation and reinforced floor beams will be able to withstand additional load;
- responsible approach to the implementation of design work. It is important to provide for the specifics of connecting utility lines and coordinate with the owners of neighboring plots the connection to public highways;
- the feasibility of conducting topographic surveys on the territory of the land plot. Clearly defining boundaries will help avoid problematic situations with the owners of neighboring plots.
It is prohibited to carry out construction work in the absence of design documentation. The corresponding permit is issued only on the basis of a previously developed project.
After taking into account all the features of your future residence, you need to contact the designer How to obtain permission to build a private or country house
The list of documentation for obtaining permits includes:
- application from the owner of the site requesting permission to build;
- project documentation and documents confirming ownership;
- cadastral passport of the land plot and land survey act.
The completeness of the documentation provided differs in different regions. It is advisable to clarify the list of documents with local administrations. It is also necessary to carry out a survey of the territory, conduct a topographic survey, obtain a construction passport, and also coordinate a construction plan with the relevant authorities.
Construction site preparation
Developers are interested in the question of how to start building a house on a site. Do the excavation work first:
- Remove vegetation.
- Plan your area.
- Remove the soil to fill the base.
After removing the soil, proceed to concreting the foundation.
Many experts advise conducting geological research precisely at the time of site selection Installation of temporary structures at the site of the house
Before starting construction activities, take care of the construction of temporary structures on the territory:
- tool storage rooms;
- cabins for overnight stays, meals and rest;
- a permanent toilet with a cesspool or a dry closet.
As a change house, you can use a ready-made trailer or build a light frame room yourself.
We are erecting a fence for the future building on the site
It is advisable to fence off the site area before starting construction work. The following are used as inexpensive fencing:
- Rabitz;
- unedged board;
- croaker
To build a permanent fence, it is necessary to prepare a foundation for the fence. Many developers use corrugated sheeting to reliably enclose the construction site.
The last stage of preparation for construction is choosing a construction company How to properly plan and prepare a construction site
When planning a construction site, you should be guided by several criteria:
- convenient location of access roads;
- correct placement of utility and utility rooms;
- allocation of an area for temporary storage of construction waste.
Construction of the foundation for the building
Concreting the foundation is an important area of work. The type of base is influenced by the following points:
- nature of the soil;
- freezing level;
- building features;
- presence of a basement.
To make the base of the building the following is used:
- brick;
- stone;
- blocks;
- piles;
- reinforced concrete.
The site is ready - it’s time to build the foundation The main stages of foundation construction:
- Filling the pit with a sand-gravel mixture 10 cm thick.
- Installation of panel formwork.
- Foundation reinforcement.
- Pouring concrete solution.
The stability of the buildings being erected is ensured by a strip, pile or monolithic base.
We preserve the building at various stages of work
During the construction of a house, it becomes necessary to preserve unfinished construction due to the financial situation or weather conditions. The following parts of the building are conserved:
- foundation;
- base;
- walls.
It is important to protect the unfinished structure from moisture by performing waterproofing work. For waterproofing, polyethylene, concrete primer, and wooden panels are used.
Immediately after laying the foundation, they begin to erect walls and install floors Mistakes in the pre-construction process
Professionals draw the attention of beginner developers to typical mistakes:
- carrying out construction work without design documentation;
- use of low-quality and cheap building materials;
- construction of a foundation without soil testing.
The lack of a pre-compiled construction estimate and a utility diagram are also causes of unforeseen situations.
How to start building a house correctly - economic aspects
Before construction begins, it is important to determine the estimated cost of the work, taking into account the following factors:
- project features;
- the cost of the materials used;
- design features of the building.
Correctly performed economic calculations will allow you to plan the rational use of funds at all stages of construction.
Nuances of purchasing material
When purchasing building materials, be guided by the quantity indicated in the estimate and design documentation. Consider the following factors:
- availability of certificates of conformity;
- image of the manufacturer;
- manufacturer's warranty;
