Refinement of controls for the cultivator Luch MB 1. Walk-behind tractors "Luch": characteristics and operating features

26.07.202327.05.2017

Agricultural mechanization serves as the main direction of development of the agricultural policy of any state. For mechanized tillage, the Luch MB-1 walk-behind tractor is very popular.

The unit is a prominent representative of reliable and durable Soviet-made equipment. To perform various tasks, the unit is equipped with additional tools.

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Luch walk-behind tractors have come a long way from their creation to the present day. Initially, the manufacturer of these walk-behind tractors was the Perm Motors OJSC enterprise, which in the 90s became part of the Perm engine-building complex.

The units are well-deservedly popular among domestic farmers and have a reputation as powerful, productive, fault-resistant devices with varying capacities. Each owner can choose a walk-behind tractor model based on the site, scope of work, and purpose.

Features of the Luch walk-behind tractors are as follows:

affordable price and high build quality;
attachments suitable for many other domestic and Chinese models;
endurance, possibility of use in any season;
ability to work on any type of fuel (gasoline AI-92, AI-76, AI-82 and other types of gasoline);
almost complete absence of bad reviews about walk-behind tractors (among the positive reviews there are many mentions of endurance, good assembly, reliability and power of the device).

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Manufacturers and production history of "Luch MB-1"

The first production model of the Soviet walk-behind tractor rolled off the assembly line of the Perm production association “Motorostroitel” named after Ya. M. Sverdlov” in 1985.

During the production of the walk-behind tractor, a large number of modifications of this equipment appeared. The main difference between each of them is the power plant and attachments produced by Russian and foreign manufacturers.

Since 1991, the unit has been produced by the joint-stock company Kaluga Engine (JSC CADVI). From 2011 to the present day, the equipment is produced under the name “Oka”.

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Source: https://SpecNavigator.ru/motoblok/luch-mb-1.html

Design of the Luch MB-1 walk-behind tractor

The main components of the device are:

Power unit.
Gearbox.
Clutch.
Control system.
Chassis.

Engine

The power plant for the Luch MB-1 is a single-cylinder four-stroke engine from domestic and foreign manufacturers.

Attention! When working with a walk-behind tractor, it is necessary to install protective covers and special wings. It is prohibited to operate equipment without protecting the main units and moving elements.

Domestic modifications use motors of the DM and CADVI 168F-2A series produced by Kaluga Engine JSC. The power of the power plants ranges from 4.4 to 4.8 kW.

Foreign models use power plants manufactured by INTEK, TECUMSEH and Vanguard (USA), Honda and Subaru (Japan), Lianlong and Lifan (China). The motor power ranges from 4.0 to 5.2 kW.

Gearbox

The gearbox of the Luch MB-1 equipment is designed to convert the rotational movement of the engine shaft to the wheels (cultivator). The device is equipped with a two-speed chain reducer.

Attention! The gearbox is initially filled with the required amount of oil. Additional filling is carried out after 25–30 hours of operation of the unit.

For uniform transmission of rotational motion, a shaft unlocking mechanism is installed. The presence of this mechanism increases the maneuverability of the device on straight and curved sections with a load of up to 350 kg and speeds of up to 12 km/h.

Clutch block

The system is designed to transfer rotation from the engine crankshaft to the gear sprockets. Allows you to move forward and backward. The clutch is controlled by a lever on the handle.

Control system

Designed to change modes of action, speed and direction of movement of a mechanical device. Consists of a steering wheel, control levers and gear shift knob.

A motor control lever is installed on the right handle of the steering wheel. The left handle has gear shift levers. The steering wheel height is adjusted using a nut connection.

Chassis

Wheels or a cultivator are installed as elements of the Luch MB-1 chassis. Wheels can be pneumatic or solid rubber. They are designed to move the mechanism on a flat surface. For better traction, stamped steel wheels (lugs) are used.

A cultivator is used to loosen the soil and remove weeds. The device is equipped with two tillers and two cultivators based on a bolted connection. Installed on the output shaft of the gearbox instead of wheels.

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Source: https://SpecNavigator.ru/motoblok/luch-mb-1.html

Available Luch models - engine types, power

The model range of Luch walk-behind tractors is represented by the following positions:

Luch MB-1 (power 5 hp, Kadvi 168F-2A engine);
Luch MB 5040 (a series of walk-behind tractors with engines DM51, 52, 53 and 54, had an easy start function and a forced lubrication system, the power of walk-behind tractors in this series was 5 hp, in fact 5040 was a more advanced version of MB-1);
Luch MB 5141 (engine DM51, power 5 hp, a model that has not become popular, is now represented mainly by used models, new walk-behind tractors of this series are not produced).

Of all the indicated representatives of a number of walk-behind tractors, only the “Luch” MB-1 is produced for mass consumption.

The design features of the Luch walk-behind tractors are generally similar, the units are similar to each other, in different series the shape of the fuel tank can only change, for example, in the MB 5040 the tank is square, located closer to the engine.

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Source: https://ProOgorod.com/selhoztekhnika/motobloki-kultivatory/motobloki-luch-obzor

Attachments

Beam MB 1 is not only easy to use, but also has very compact dimensions. Additional attachments add to the versatility of this model. Thanks to various options, Beam MB 1 received several modifications necessary to solve certain problems. So, depending on a particular equipment, the capabilities of the walk-behind tractor include:

cleaning and forming furrows
plowing
harrowing
digging and hilling root crops
watering the crop
spraying plants
snow removal
loosening the soil
grass cutting
cargo transportation
spraying plants

Beam MB 1 does not require any professional skills, it is extremely easy to use and maintain. And yet, each modification requires careful inspection and study. To do this, just read the instruction manual that comes with the walk-behind tractor. Proper operation of the equipment guarantees trouble-free and reliable operation for many years.

In the basic configuration, Luch MB 1 is equipped with cultivators necessary for loosening the soil. Extensions and special wheels are also available. In addition, let's pay attention to the wide motor range. For example, not only Russian, but also imported engines are provided for the walk-behind tractor. Each internal combustion engine has its own advantages and disadvantages.

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Maintenance and operation

This document must be studied by the owners before starting work. The operating instructions help you understand the details of the Luch walk-behind tractor, the location of its spare parts and the rules for carrying out technical work.

In order for the device to work correctly, it must be maintained.

The spark plug does not produce a spark (check its condition and connecting wires);
The air damper opened slightly;
The oil level has dropped below the minimum mark;
Dirty or low-quality gasoline;
Gasoline does not enter the carburetor (the entire fuel system should be checked).

Reasons that the engine does not operate stable, periodically stalls or produces low power:

Gasoline in the tank is running out;
Dirt has entered the air filter;
A large amount of dust has entered the fuel tank;
The piston rings have become unusable.

Reasons for excessive vibration from the Luch walk-behind tractor:

Bolted connections have become loose;
The attachment is not fully secured;
The tension belt has become loose.

The weak point of the Luch walk-behind tractor is the belt drive. It often frays and fails.

Therefore, you should always have several spare belts on hand in case of breakdown. Before purchasing a belt, be sure to determine the correct size.

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Video review

Below is a video review of the Luch walk-behind tractor:

Here is a video of how soil is cultivated using a Luch walk-behind tractor:

Since many Luch walk-behind tractors were produced back in Soviet times, many will find the video regarding its restoration useful:

Here's what their owners say about Luch walk-behind tractors:

Arkady:

“I got a walk-behind tractor from my father. Old, but still plowing. Now I have seen newer models, but for me this one is good. The plow pulls well, rotates the cutters without problems, and pulls the cart, but with difficulty.

Pros: Maintainability

Cons: After fifteen years of operation, it was probably completely rebuilt; only the frame remained from the original model. But for such a price and for so long, you shouldn’t expect anything else.”

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Source: https://FermerInform.ru/obzor-motoblokov-luch/

Engine

As previously mentioned, Luch MB 1 can be equipped with various power plants. Thus, the range is represented by engines of famous brands. For example, among foreign models, let's pay attention to Subaru, Lian-Long, as well as the more affordable Vanguard and Lifan. And yet, the most common modification is considered to be the Luch MB 1 with the domestic KADVI 168F-2A engine, which uses foreign components from Honda. This power plant is the pride of Russian and Japanese engineers. The engine has an overhead cylinder arrangement and has fairly high acceleration capabilities, and at the same time the unit is very economical in terms of fuel consumption. Among the main advantages of the motor are its attractive design, light weight, powerful performance and minimal noise level.

The Russian-Japanese engine has a single-cylinder four-stroke design and, with a displacement of 0.3 liters, develops 3.7 horsepower. The cylinder diameter is 76 mm. The power plant supports fuel grades A-76, as well as A-80 and A-92.

The manufacturer draws attention to the safety rules that must be followed when operating a walk-behind tractor with this motor. In particular, owners of KADVI 168F-2A engines are prohibited from adding fuel while the engine is running. Also, do not touch the ignition wire and spark plug bracket.

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Source: https://motoblokgid.info/motoblok-luch-mb-1/

The procedure for working with a walk-behind tractor

The procedure for operating and servicing the mechanism depends on the type of chassis used.

Vehicle on wheeled chassis

When working with the Luch MB-1 mechanism, the following procedure must be observed:

Set the gear shift lever to the middle (neutral) position.
The power unit is started.

The starting method depends on the modification of the walk-behind tractor.

At low gas, warm up the engine for 3–4 minutes.
Using the control levers, the required speed and direction of movement are activated.
To change gears, stop the walk-behind tractor, release the shift lever in the direction of travel and press the gear shift lever with a little force.
To stop the mechanism, move the engine control lever to the “Stop” position.

Attention! It is prohibited to simultaneously press the forward and reverse control levers. Failure to comply with this condition may lead to gearbox failure.

Apparatus with cultivator

Working with a cultivator involves adjusting its position depending on the category of cultivated land. To do this, the walk-behind tractor is installed parallel to the earth's surface. Adjust the limiter for the penetration of the cultivator cutters into the soil.

Regardless of the soil category, the depth of burial should not exceed 20 cm - on sandy soils and 10 cm - on clay soils and loams. When loosening the soil, the unit covers a strip of land up to 1200 mm wide.

The Luch MB-1 walk-behind tractor is a universal tool. The lightweight unit is an indispensable assistant when cultivating virgin and arable lands.

To deliver tools and materials to the work site, a trailed trolley is used. Snow removal in winter is carried out using additional attachments.

Tilling the soil can only be effective if you use the right tools. One of them is the Luch walk-behind tractor. But they must be used meaningfully and competently, as clearly as possible.

Peculiarities

The Luch walk-behind tractor, like many other domestic machines of recent decades, was the result of conversion. It began to be produced at the facilities of Perm Motors OJSC, which previously was exclusively engaged in the supply of helicopter engines. Consumers note that these devices:

are relatively inexpensive and assembled properly;
can be used at any time of the year;
they work calmly on all brands of gasoline, even AI-76;
equipped with the same attachments that are used for other Russian walk-behind tractors;
They extremely rarely create problems for owners (only occasionally there are mentions of the inconvenience and unreliability of individual copies).

Let's take a closer look at exactly how a walk-behind tractor of any model is constructed, regardless of size. The ignition circuit involves the use of special spark plugs. In addition to them, the system includes:

converter;
stator;
magnetic shoe;
button to turn off.

It is useful to consider other components using the example of the MB-1 model. This version, released back in the 1980s, is very simple in its technical structure. But such simplicity can even be considered a virtue. The clutch, which transmits the energy generated by the engine to the gearbox, is made of a pair of belts. And also in the clutch there is:

drive, front and rear pulleys;
gear pulley;
traction;
front and rear arms;
special springs.

The gear unit changes the gear ratio, simultaneously transmitting rotational energy to the wheels and working tools. The MB-1 model is equipped with a chain reducer, which, in addition to chains, includes:

body (assembled from symmetrical halves);
switching shaft and handle for its control;
force output shaft;
three blocks of stars.

The steering mechanism, thanks to the height adjustment function, can easily be adjusted to specific users. The right side of the steering wheel is complemented by a lever with which the engine is controlled. This lever acts through a special cable on the throttle valve. But on the left side of the steering wheel there is a forward lever connected to a pulley of the same name. Just below is the reverse lever.

The transmission is capable of operating in a pair of forward and a pair of reverse gears. The most important element of the chassis is the wheels; they can be either inflatable or made of solid rubber.

Attention: those farmers who want to achieve the highest effect from their equipment should change rubber movers to steel ones, supplemented with lugs. The motor on the walk-behind tractor of this model is of the DM-1 type. The supply of a mixture of fuel and air to a single cylinder occurs after it is prepared in the carburetor.

The lineup

The already disassembled version of “MB-1” continues to be produced today, but with an imported 5 hp engine. With. A more advanced option is “Luch MB 5040”. This model starts much easier, and the motors installed on it allow forced lubrication. The power has not changed compared to its predecessor. As for modification 5141, it turned out to be extremely unsuccessful, unclaimed, and the production of walk-behind tractors of this model was stopped long ago.

Attachments

“Beams” are popular primarily because they allow the use of a wide range of attachments, including those suitable for other agricultural machinery. Most often, crescent cutters are included in the kit. You need to wear gloves to assemble and install them. Before starting work, experts advise checking whether everything is secured correctly. Detailed and up-to-date information can always be obtained from the instructions for a specific device.

The power of Luch walk-behind tractors allows you to confidently use them to move:

trailers;
light carts;
adapters.

The best carts are TM-300 and TM-500. Much more compatible adapters and trailers have been created. Important: during break-in, operation under load is prohibited. All parts of the device must first adapt to normal operation on their own. Mowers of any type, both rotary and segmented, can be attached to Luch walk-behind tractors.

As practice shows, the use of lugs for plowing the land dramatically increases the efficiency of walk-behind tractors. Depending on the choice of the consumer, the hooks can be made of steel or made of dense grades of rubber. The first option is better suited for working on the most dense and rough soil. The difference between lugs is related to their diameter. When choosing it, it is better to focus on the size of the walk-behind tractor wheels.

Rarely does a farmer operate motorized equipment without a plow. But in any case, this tool will have to be secured correctly. Judging by the experience of farmers, only the coulter makes it possible to adjust the depth of the ploughshare into the ground in an optimal way. To remove snow, you can use either a snow blower or a shovel. Both auger snow blowers and dumps of various types (width from 80 to 100 cm) are combined with Luch.

On personal plots for planting and harvesting potatoes and other root crops, you can use all existing potato diggers and potato planters, both Russian and imported. The walk-behind tractor allows you to attach such accessories both to a rigid hitch and with bolts. The rest of the equipment can be purchased at your discretion. Allowed use:

weighting devices;
track blocks;
special couplings (including used ones).

Subtleties of operation

Regardless of which specific modification of the Luch walk-behind tractor the farmers received, they must carefully read the instructions. She is the one who will tell you as accurately as possible about all the nuances of the design and its handling. You can fill in gasoline of all brands in the range AI-76 - AI-95. As for changing the lubricating oil, it should be done every 50-100 operating hours. The exact time is determined individually, based on how large the load is.

When starting for the first time, be sure to fill the gas tank; Of course, the walk-behind tractor must be completely assembled. The break-in time is up to 20 hours. By the end of it, the gearbox and motor will adapt to normal load. Before you set the ignition, you must check the spark plugs. It is because of them that problems and failures often arise.

Experts recommend always keeping a backup candle ready. If necessary, clean the candles from carbon deposits; but both when installing new devices and when cleaning old ones, you need to carefully set the gap. It should be no less than 0.1 and no more than 0.15 mm. When putting a new walk-behind tractor into operation, it is necessary to adjust the carburetor. It is also carried out when failures occur and when installing a new spare part.

First of all, tighten the screws on the jets until they stop. This must be done more carefully. Next, they are unscrewed back 1¼ turns. When this is done, start the engine and warm it up for 20 minutes. When reaching operating temperature, turn the throttle valve to minimum.

The screw is used to set the lowest stable value of the idle speed. Then the largest stable value is found. Repeat these steps again to ensure the stability of the device. To move the walk-behind tractor, you must turn off the engine. When the engine is running, it is very easy to damage certain parts of the device.

For normal forward movement, you need to wear belts of the A-1213 format. These belts are also suitable for Oka and Cascade. In some cases, in order for the drive belts to transmit the necessary impulse, the gearbox needs to be strengthened. Important: when overhauling an engine, it is not always necessary to remove the flywheel. This is only required when replacing:

shaft;
bearing;
oil seal;
dowels

Specifications

The technical data sheet for the Luch walk-behind tractors states that their length is 150 cm with a width of 60 and a height of 100 cm. The weight of the structure reaches 100 kg. The device can travel at speeds of 3.6-9 km/h. The track width of the walk-behind tractor is 59 cm, and the ground clearance is 33 cm. “Beams” are capable of climbing a slope with a longitudinal inclination of 20 degrees. For a transverse slope, the critical value is 24 degrees.

The walk-behind tractor has 2 forward and 2 reverse gears.

Important: workers must wear earplugs. After all, the sound volume reaches 92 dB. The cultivator for the walk-behind tractor has a width from 72 to 113 cm. Its diameter is 36 cm.

Luch MB 1 is a Russian-made walk-behind tractor, used in gardening and homestead farming. It has proven itself to be a reliable work vehicle, reliable and unpretentious in operation. Due to its narrow purpose, this model is not particularly widespread, but despite this it is in high demand in the economic industry. The walk-behind tractor is easy to maintain and has a low cost of spare parts.

cleaning and forming furrows
plowing
harrowing
digging and hilling root crops
watering the crop
spraying plants
snow removal
loosening the soil
grass cutting
cargo transportation
spraying plants

Advantages

Regardless of the chosen configuration, Beam MB 1 has advantages that distinguish it from its competitors. So, among the advantages we can highlight:

easy handling, no effort when turning
The walk-behind tractor is equipped with a chain gearbox and V-belt drive, which ensure a smooth ride and improve cross-country ability
The equipment is equipped with wheels and a quick-release steering wheel. This feature increases the versatility of the design, and thereby facilitates the transportation of equipment.
The walk-behind tractor's equipment list includes pneumatic rubber tires with deep tread. These tires provide ideal grip on gravel and other terrain.
presence of vertical steering wheel adjustment
the presence of special wings on wheels. These elements reliably protect the wheels from soil, which is extremely important when operating in field and mud conditions.
durable transmission, which includes two forward and two reverse gears
high power potential of all motors, without exception, offered for this model

Specifications

Luch MB 1 has a curb weight of 100 kg. The maximum speed is between 3.6-9 km/h, which is quite enough for working in muddy conditions.

The walk-behind tractor has a very compact size. So, let's pay attention to the length of 1500 mm, and the width and height are 600 and 1150 mm, respectively. We note the rather low ground clearance of 140 mm, but this disadvantage is compensated by large approach and departure angles - thanks to the short overhangs of the body. We also note the good parameters of the working gauge (570 mm) and transport gauge (310 mm).

The cultivator of Luch MB 1 has a working width in the range of 725-1200 mm, and a diameter of 360 mm.

Engine

Fuel consumption

Reviews from owners confirm that Luch MB 1 is highly economical and at the same time not demanding on fuel quality. In addition, it is noteworthy that the official data generally agree with the testimony of the owners. So, Luch MB 1 consumes an average of 1.5-2 liters per hour. This is a fairly low result, and therefore the developers decided to limit themselves to a modest 3.6-liter fuel tank.

The power unit in question is equipped with a forced air cooling system and an integrated manual starter. The lubrication system of a carburetor engine is carried out by splashing.

Video

From owner reviews

Beam MB 1 is quite widely in demand, and mostly has only positive reviews. Many people buy this model on the secondary market, since used walk-behind tractors are usually in good condition, and in terms of reliability they are almost as good as new ones. For example, from the stories of the owners, we can conclude that Luch MB 1, even in maintained condition, can last for many years without causing serious problems in operation. Low cost of spare parts, high functionality and endurance are the key advantages of the Luch MB 1 model.

An in-depth analysis of the majority of walk-behind tractor reviews shows that the frequency of malfunctions of the Beam MB 1 is quite predictable. And yet, before using the equipment, it is necessary to carefully inspect it so that later problems do not arise while driving on various types of soil, as well as in muddy conditions. In any case, the Beam MB 1 is worth the investment. The potential and endurance of this technique is so high that many people use it in winter.

As for the engine, there are no problems with it. The most important thing in it is monitoring the oil level - it must be at least at the minimum level, otherwise the engine will make a knocking noise.

Common problems with the MB 1 Beam include an unreliable tension roller that can crack under heavy load.
The owners note the good handling and geometric maneuverability of the walk-behind tractor. The left handle of the steering wheel has levers A and B, which allow you to move forward and backward. However, it is important to remember that pressing two levers at the same time can cause damage.

Prices in Russia

Luch MB 1 is a fairly cheap walk-behind tractor, often found on the secondary market. The cost of a copy in good condition is between 150-170 thousand rubles.

When compared with domestic analogues, Luch MB 1 successfully competes with the Neva MB2 N model.

Agricultural mechanization serves as the main direction of development of the agricultural policy of any state. For mechanized tillage, the Luch MB-1 walk-behind tractor is very popular.

The unit is a prominent representative of reliable and durable Soviet-made equipment. To perform various tasks, the unit is equipped with additional tools.

Manufacturers and production history of "Luch MB-1"

The first production model of the Soviet walk-behind tractor rolled off the assembly line of the Perm production association “Motorostroitel” named after Ya. M. Sverdlov” in 1985.

Since 1991, the unit has been produced by the joint-stock company Kaluga Engine (JSC CADVI). From 2011 to the present day, the equipment is produced under the name “Oka”.